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HISTORY
OF
Pittsburgh mb lEnufrans
BY
Special Omtribu^yrs and Members of the Editorial Stajf
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THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Inc.
NEW YORK and CHICAGO
1922
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BIOGRAPHICAL
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF BIOGRAPHY
OLIVER McCLINTOCK was bom in Pittsburgh, Pa^ Oct. 20, 1839, son of Washington and Eliza (Thompson) McCHntock. The McClintocks are Scotch in origin, the name originally being McLintock, a di- vision of the McDougals, an important Highland clan of Scotland, who lived in the neighborhood of Loch Katrine. The ancestors of the American McClintocks were Protestants, who fled to Northern Ireland from relic^ous persecution in Scotland. Alexander Mc- Clintock, a Scotch Presbyterian, who arrived in Ireland in 1597, is regarded as the founder of the five or more lines of the McClintocks who were known as the "Landed Gentry" of Ireland. Many of these belonged to the nobility, or intermarried with the nobility, and were possessed of vast estates in the five northern oocmties of Ireland. Many of them participated in the defense of Londonderry during the long siege of 169a The most of the McClintocks who emigrated to Amer- ica came from County Tyrone. The early racial char- acteristics of the McClintocks, which have been but little modified by centuries, were great vigor of body and mind, integrrity and energetic initiative.^ Another universal and still existing trait, strongly infused in their Scotch- Irish blood, is antagonism to hierarchy in church, or autocracy in government The Irish as well as the Scotch McClintock coat-of-arms is as follows:
Arms — "Pw pale, gules and asure, a chevron ermine between three escallop shells argent. Crest — ^A lion passant. Motto— Virtute et labore (By virtue and labor).
In 1740, goaded by the exactions of absentee landlords, and the grinding religious tyranny of England's "Sac- ramental Test," six McClintock brothers, Joseph, Alexander, William, John, Robert and James, fled to America from County Tyrone in Ireland, that they migrht live under the beneficent rule of the Penn pro- prietors of Pennsylvania, whose cardinal principles were universal toleration and civil and religious freedom for all. They settled in Cumberland (now Perry) county, Eastern Pennsylvania, and formed a community known as "Sherman's Valley" (now Shermandale).
Joseph McClintock, the oldest of the "six brothers," died in 1799, aged ninety-eight years. He became a large landowner. The present village of New German- town is located on his land. He had four sons in the Continental army, namely: Joseph, Alexander, Daniel and Hugh.
Another of the "six brothers" was Alexander Mc- Clintock, who died in 1760, leaving six children. One of these was Capt. John McClintock, who was killed in the battle of Brandywine (Chadd's Ford), Sept 11, ^777, when Gen. George Washington, in defense of Philadelphia, attacked General Howe's invading Eng- lish army. He had been wounded in this battle and was being carried from the field by his cousin, when a cannon ball killed both. Alexander McClintock had
another son, Alexander McClintock, bom in Ireland, who died from wounds received in the Revolutionary War. Alexander McClintock also had a third son, William McClintock, whose name appears in the Penn- sylvania State Archives, 5th Scries, Vol. XI, page 106, as "on the Class Roll of the Second Company of the First Battalion of Cumberland County Militia, com- manded by Colonel James Johnston." He fought under Gen. Greorge Washington in the second battle with General Howe's British army at Germantown, Oct 4, 1777, when he "neariy lost his life." He was also en- gaged in the battle of Whitemarsh.
Alexander McClintock, the oldest of William Mc- Clintock's twelve children, and grandfather of Oliver McClintock, the subject of this article, was bom in Toboyne township, Chester county. Pa., May 10, 1776, when his father was away from home in military serv- ice under Gen. George Washington. He died in Pitts- burgh, Aug. 12, 1871, aged ninety-six years.
One cannot help feeling impressed by the hereditary patriotism of the Scotch-Irish-Presbyterian McClin- tocks in the Revolutionary War, who counted not life itself too dear an offering for the altar of liberty.
President Theodore Roosevelt, in his "History of New York," recognizes this self-sacrificing loyalty, and on the other hand identifies the mercenary spirit so prominent in the opposing ranks of the British invaders. Quoting:
It is a curious fact that in the Revolutionary War, the Germans and Catholic Irish should have furnished the bulk of the auxiliaries to the regular English sol- diers. * * * The fiercest and most ardent Americana of all, however, were the Presbyterian Irish settlers and their descendants.
The leading historians of the Revolution agree that the activity and influence of the Scotch-Irish Presby- terians was the underlying cause of the American Revo- lution, and that their hereditary love of liberty and hatred of political domination supplied to the Colonial resistance to England the stout and persistent bracing from within, without which it would have collapsed.
Alexander McClintock, at the time of die outbreak of the War of 1812, was engaged in freight transporta- tion between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, using the old-time four-horse Conestoga wagons. The govern- ment terminated his business by impressing his trans- portation equipment into army service for transporting ammunition and supplies to Fort Erie. Retaining three of the wagons and assembling his family and as much of his household goods as could be packed, he journeyed across the Allegheny mountains, with the purpose of settling in Pittsburgh. He lacked but one day of reaching his destination, when he stopped over night at Parkinson's Ferry, later Williamsport and now Monongahela City, on the Monongahela river. Here he met Samuel Black, a prosperous Indian trader, who had acquired considerable wealth by trading in a
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'Ic^-boat" with the Indians along the Ohio river exchanging supplies for furs and ultimately selling his peltry in New Orleans. The proceeds, in silver coin, he concealed in kegs labelled "nails" and brought back to Pittsburgh. Black, learning that McClintock was a blacksmith by trade, and having a blacksmith shop, with no one to operate it, offered him a house and farm if he would remain and operate the smithy. Alexander McClintock stayed one year and then moved to Pitts- burgh, about 1813. He located at the northeast comer of Liberty and Water streets, within the lines of what was once old Fort Pitt ■ His name, location and occupa- tion^ "Tavern and Ferry," appear in the Pittsburgh directories of 1815 and 1819. He also conducted a blacksmith shop. The ferry from the foot of Liberty street was known as the "Lower Ferry," in distinction from the "Middle" and "Upper Ferry" on the Monon- gahela river. The lower ferry was owned by McClin- tock's friettd, Samuel Black, but later passed into McClintock's ownership. His diversity of occupation was characteristic of the period, when business oppor- tunities were many and men to utilize them were few.
Alexander McClintock married Elizabeth Rutledge Bain, of Harford county, Md., bom Dec. 14, 1781, died Jan. 16, 1857. They had six children, of whom Wash- ington McClintock (father of Oliver McClintock) was bora in Pittsburgh, Oct. 23, 1814, died July 28, 1870. He married Eliza Thompson, daughter of Samuel and Mary (Parke) Thompson.
Samuel Thompson, of Salisbury township, Chester county. Pa., bom May 29, 1783, died May 30, 1846, was the son of Daniel Thompson, born in Scotland, and Rachel (Woolman) Thompson, of Chester county, Pa. He married Mary Parke, Nov. 2, 1803, bom April 28, 1787, died July 11, 1862, of Fallowfield township (now Highland), Chester county. They moved to Pittsburgh that same year. Samuel Thompson said that "a,t that time there were only three houses on the Allegheny side of the Allegheny river," Gen, William Robinson's, Davy Stevenson's, who kept the ferry, and a small cabin. The population of Pittsburgh in 18 10 was 4,74a Samuel Thompson's name appears in Pitts- burgh's first regular City Directory of 181 5 as "Samuel Thompson, merchant taylor, west side of Market St. between Front (now First avenue) and Water." He made uniforms for American officers of the War of 1812. After the close of the war, he took a long journey on horseback into Kentucky to collect debts from offi- cers for uniforms furnished them.
Later he moved his store to the opposite side of Market street, two doors from Front (now First ave- nue), his family living over the store in each place. He took his brother John into partnership, which con- nection continued for a brief period. Their signature as S. & J. Thompson was on the citizens' petition ad- dressed in 1817 to Congress, requesting the granting of a branch of the United States Bank to Pittsburgh. The bank did not prove to be the financial blessing antici- pated. Party dissentions and too much politics under- mined and destroyed the usefulness of this national system of banking, so that it was abolished by Act of (Congress in 1836. The Bank of Pittsburgh N. A. has a photogravure copy of the original citizens' petition.
The original petition is now in possession of Mr. George P. Smith, of Philadelphia, formerly of Pittsburgh.
The spirit of commercial enterprise and venture, inspired among the merchants of Pittsburgh by the constant stream of travel and traffic which poured through Pittsburgh as the "Gateway of the West," the entrance to the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, was ex- emplified by Samuel Thompson. He shipped a stock of ready-made clodiing to Nashville, Tenn., under the charge of Robert Losk, who became one of the city's leading and wealthy citizens. He also shipped a similar stock for a branch store in St. Louis, Mo. Its first- class United States fort — ^Jefferson Barracks — made it an active trading and outfitting center for soldiers, trappers and settlers. The family still have a letter he wrote to his brother Jacob, in 1832, describing his journey by steamboat to Nashville and St Louis and saying: "The object of my journey is to examine into the state of my two establishments, — the one at St. Louis and other at Nashville, with a view of bringing them to a dose."
This same Pittsburgh spirit of commercial enterprise, in a later period, led Ssunuel Thompson's son-in-law, Washington McClintock, in 1850 to open a branch store for carpets in the young and booming town of Cincinnati, Ohio, in charge of J. L. Ringwalt, who ultimately purchased the business. A young German, Greorge F. Otte, a clerk in that store, became after- wards the leading dealer in house fumishing goods in Cincinnati
The rapid development of Pittsburgh induced Samuel Thompson to expand his business from merchant tail- oring to that of a general store and to move to the northwest comer of Market and Fourth streets (now Fourth avenue). Again, in 1830, having bought from Henry Holdship the property on Market street near Liberty, on which the McQintock building now stands, he changed his business to that of dry goods and car- pets exclusively.
The hereditary qualities of Samuel Thompson's Scotch ancestry were naturally manifested in both the enterprise and the integrity of his commercial life, and also in the deep convictions and consecration of his religious life. He was an elder in the old Second Presbyterian Church, of Pittsburgh, as was also his son-in-law, Judge Walter H. Lowrie, and in a later period in the same church his grandsons, the brothers Oliver and Thompson McClintock. He was first treas- urer of the Western Foreign Missionary Society of the Synod of Pittsburgh, when it was organized in 1830 in the Second Presbyterian Church, with Rev. E. P. Swift, D. D., as secretary. After several years of active and successful missionary work in foreign countries, it was merged into the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, organized by the Presbyterian (jeneral Assembly in 1837.
Washington McClintock, Samuel Thompson's son- in-law, and R. D. Thompson, his son, succeeded to his business in 1837, under the title of W. McClintock & Company, but the firm was dissolved in 1844, Washing- ton McClintock continuing alone on Fourth avenue, near Wood. His store was destroyed in the great fire of 1845. Having bought his father-in-law's store prop-
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ertj on Market street near Liberty from his estate, he moved his carpet business into that building. The present McClintock building was erected on that site. In 1862 he took his oldest son Oliver into partnership, the firm title being W. McClintock & Son. In 1863 he bought out Robinson & Company, his chief com- petitor, and organized it into a new and separate firm, Oliver McClintock & Company. In 1864 the firm of W. McClintock & Son was merged with Oliver McClintodc & Company. Oliver's three brothers were successively taken into the firm, Walter Lowric Mc- Qintock in 1864, Thompson McClintock in 1874, and Frank Thompson McClintock in 1884. In 1897 the old firm was incorporated as the Oliver McClintock Company, with Oliver McClintock, president; Walter L. McClintock, treasurer, and Frank T. McClintock, secretary, to conduct a wholesale and retail business in carpets, rugs, furniture and draperies. The firm's per- sonnel included also Oliver's sons, Norman and Walter. On April i, 1914, the firm was finally dissolved.
Besides its independent continuance during fifty-two years, the Oliver McClintock Company was in turn the lineal successor of Samuel Thompson and Washington McClintock, respectively grandfadier and father of the five McClintock brothers of the present time, and so has covered a period of one hundred and six years of continuous mercantile activity by three generations of a single family. The firm was at its close, without a doubt, the oldest mercantile firm in Pittsburgh. It saw and had a part in the tremendous changes which have taken place in the manufacture, transportation and dis- tribution of merchandise during the past century. Samuel Thompson's first business of clothing for the person naturally preceded the use of coverings for the floors. At one time in this period, according to Mrs. Elizabeth Denny, a member of a pioneer family, "a rag carpet was the finest and only floor covering to be found in Pittsburgh." Then followed the wonderful development of the American manufacture of floor textiles of every description, and at the present time in the use of costly Oriental rugs, not as a luxury but as a necessity of living. In transportation, Samuel Thompson traveled to New York by stage-coach, and hauled his goods from New York to Pittsburgh over the Allegheny mountains by four-horse Conestoga wagons. Washington McClintock transported his car- pets by the Pennsylvania canal, which was opened between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh in 1829, but now the canal is superseded by fast railroad transportation, at greatly reduced rates. The similar revolution in the methods of selling and distributing of goods is illustrated by the history of the Oliver McClintock Company, devoted for half a century to one branch of business exclusively, then yielding their premises and business for the erection of the Rosenbaum Company's large modem department store.
Oliver McClintock, oldest of seven children of Wash- ington and Eliza (Thompson) McClintock, was bom Oct 20, 1839, on Pitt street (now Stanwix), near Liberty street, Pittsburgh. His preparatory education was received at the academies conducted by Rev. Jo- seph T. Travelli in Sewickley, Pa., and Prof. Lewis T. Bradley in Allegheny (now NorUi Side, Pittsburgh).
He graduated from Yale in 1861, receiving the degree of M. A. "in course" in 1864. He entered his father's business in 1862 and continued in the business of car- pets, mgs, furniture and draperies, wholesale and retail, to 1914, a period of fifty-two years. Oliver McClin- tock's active and successful business life did not deter him from taking a leading part in patriotic, philan- thropic, religious and educational movements of city, State and county. He and his future wife, then Miss Clara Childs, were both members of the Pittsburgh Subsistence Committee organized in 1861, afterwards an auxiliary of the United States Christian Commission. Their special task was to feed and care for the 500,000 United States soldiers of the Civil War who passed through Pittsburgh.
Mr. McClintock was a corporal in Company D, 15th Pennsylvania Emergency Militia, which saw active service during the two invasions of Pennsylvania by Confederate GJen. Robert E. Lee. At the time of the first invasion, when the battle of Antietam took place. Sept 17, 1862, the regiment was rushed into Maryland to aid (^eral McClellan's army. They arrived after the battle, but gave useful service to our weary army. It was a drawn battle, but had the result of compelling (General Lee to abandon his invasion, to recross the Potomac and withdraw into Virginia. At the time of General Lee's second invasion, when it was uncertain whether he intended to attack Philadelphia, or Pitts- burgh, he was compelled to fight the battle of (jettys- burgh, July 1-3, 1863, and receive a crushing defeat The 15th at that time saw arduous service in the hasty construction of defenses for Pittsburgh. Mr. McClin- tock is a member of Post No. 259, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Pennsylvania.
In 1863 he was elected elder in the Second Presby- terian Church; was first president of the Young Men's Christian Association (1866-1868), when it was re- organized in 1866, after the Civil War; has been continuously a trustee of the Western Theological Seminary (Presbyterian) since 1876, and president of the board in 1907. In 1872 he became tmstee of the Pennsylvania College for Women, and has been presi- dent of the board since 1905. In 1883, with the primary motive of fitting their sons for college, he, with his brother-in-law, Albert H. Childs, and six others, founded Shadyside Academy, with Prof. William R. Crabbe as principal. Their sons composed the first class with a four years' course, graduating in 1887, all becoming prominent and useful in after life.
He is an Independent Republican in politics, a member of the Citizens' Political Union, a member of the Duquesne Club, of Pittsburgh, and of the Huron Mountain Club, Big Bay, Mich. He now has the dis- tinction of being the oldest member of the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce; was a director from 1890 to 1 914, a member of its Committee on Municipal Affairs since 1892, chairman of that committee, 1907-08, vice- chairman, 1909-11. As committeeman, he was author of reports on various municipal problems which were adopted and printed by the Chamber. For several years he has been director of the Civic Club of Alle- gheny County, its vice-president 1909 to 1910, president from 191 1 to 191 5, also member of the American Civic
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Association, the National Civil Service Reform League and the Civil Service Reform Associa- tion of Pennsylvania, Ballot Reform Association and Indian Rights Association of Pennsylvania. Since 1898 he has been a mmber of the executive council of the National Municipal League, and vice- president since 1916. His reports to the Chamber of Commerce, bearing upon important municipal problems and as their delegate to the Annual Confer- ences of the National Municipal League, were adopted and printed by the Chamber. In 1910 he was secretary of the Citizens Committee for relief of sufferers by the explosion in the Pittsburgh Coal Compan/s Darr Mine at Jacobs Creek, Pa., Dec. 19, 1907, when of 239 miners at work only one survived. He wrote the committee's report (pp. 32) on the management and dis- tribution of the public relief fund of $100,000, which has since been accepted and followed as a model for procedure and distribution in similar disasters.
He was a member of the Emergency Public Safety Committee, appointed by a public mass meeting, which functioned for two weeks in place of a collapsed city government at the time of the great railroad strike and rioting of July, 1877, when the efforts of the mayor, the county sheriff and the State and local military utterly failed in quelling the disorders.
He was on a joint committee from the Chamber of Commerce and other civic organizations, which secured from the State Legislature in 1907 a Civil Service Law for cities of the second class (Pittsburgh, Allegheny and Scranton). In 1909 he was a member of a similar joint committee, which secured from the State Legis- lature, in spite of the strenuous opposition of the State political machine, the abrogation of Pittsburgh's an- tiquated, unwieldy and corrupt double-branch system of city councils, elected by wards, and the substitution of a small cotmcil of nine, elected at large, on a non- partisan ballot Its operation in Pittsburgh has brought about a great advance in efHciency, economy and honesty in Pittsburgh's councilmanic administration. Mr. Mc- Clintock was one of the organizers of the Citizens' Municipal League of Pittsburgh in 1895, and a member of an Executive Committee of Five, empowered by a citizens' mass meeting in 1896, to select candidates for the ensuing municipal election, and to conduct a cam- paign in their behalf. That campaign was remarkable for its aggressiveness and heat, and for its awakening of the people to realize that good city government should be conducted on the business principle of effi- ciency only, and be entirely divorced from the corrupt and ruinous partisanship of national political parties. The whirlwind campaign took the machine party by surprise, and yet the reform party was defeated by a reported majority of only 1,000 on the face of the re- turns, having been fraudulently counted out, as was afterwards conceded by the leader of the dominant party. He said, ''We were not prepared to lose control of the city, and when, at midnight, we found the election returns going against us, the returns were halted until we could fix the ballot boxes to suit us. Our business interests demanded that we retain control at any cost and by any means." An unsuccessful effort was made to have the court order a recount of the vote.
The "tables were turned," however, when as a mem- ber of the executive committee of the Citizens' party, in the next election of 1898, he had his reward in a sweeping victory for the reform party's city and county tickets, electing Hon. C^rge W. Guthrie mayor, four United States congressmen, a number of city council- men and lesser offiScials. This time the manipulation of die ballot boxes was not tried. So effective was Mr. McClintock's part in these municipal contests that it called forth many tributes of appreciation. From one of these we quote the following by Lincoln Steffens in an article entitled "Pittsburgh, a City Ashamed," in "McClure's Magazine," May, 1903:
If there is one man in Pittsbursrh, who deserves credit for auccessful results of reform in municipal politics, it is Oliver McClintock, for many years one of the most agrsrressive foes of the political machine. It was on the foundation laid by Mr. McClintock and his associates in 1896-96 that the Citisens* Party sained an overwhelminer victory in the municipal elec- tion of 1&98, and it was only after the party leaders of 1898 had repudiated the principles he advocated, and for which he fouerht. that he left that party to oontbiue his persistent light for purification of city politics. Victories have not always been with Mr. McClintock, but it was his indomitable persistence, — despite defeats, that won for him the admiration of even those whom he fouerht.
In responding to the editor's questions, as to his an- cestry and the chief activities of his life, Oliver Mc- Clintock writes:
Whatever of seal I may have had in promotinsT re- lisrion and hierher education, and in contending for the rierhts of the people and the welfare of Pitts- bursrh, my native city, I believe that the main sprinsT of my inspiration lies in my native American ances- try— in the McClintocks, Thompsons and Parkes. and still farther back, in my Scotch -Irish ancestry. I have only yielded to the irresistible impulses of my heredi- tary hatred of both ecclesiastical and political domi- nation. As the psycholosriets say, a man is apt to be- come a saint or criminal because of his forebears, so I became a political reformer and a fighter aerainst the boss and political machine, because of my fore- bears in Scotland and in the American Revolution. It was in my blood; I couldn't help beinsr a reformer and setting: my face against autocracy in church, or state.
I have never desired, nor sought public ofllce, but have been content to be a "hewer of wood and drawer of water," in support of any movement having for its purpose the better government of my native city and state. I have endeavored to perform my part as one having to arive an account. I found my greatest discouragement in the skulking cowardice and politi- cal apathy, in civic matters, of prosperous and con- tented fellow-oitisens, when the right and wrong of political issues seemed to me so plain and so com- pelling, and when those issues, so vital to the welfare of the people, were hanging in the balance at the polls.
Norman McClintock, eldest son of Oliver and Clara (Childs) McClintock, was bom June 13, 1868. He was a graduate of Lawrenceville (N. J.) Academy, and Yale, receiving the degree of B. A., 1891. He married, Feb. 14, 1906, Ethel Lockwood, bom April 12, 1874, only daughter of Rev. Henry B. Lockwood, D. D., rector of Christ Episcopal Church, Syracuse, N. Y. Four children: Eleanor Lockwood, bora Nov. 28, 1906; Oliver, Jr., born Aug. 27, 1908; Henry Lockwood, bom Jan. 13, 1915; Emma Childs, bom Oct 19, 1916.
After graduation from college, Norman McClintock was employed in the Westinghouse Electric and Manu- facturing Company, and then in mercantile life witfi the Oliver McClintock Company. Then, following his
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natural bent, he devoted himself with zeal to ornithol- ogy and nature photography. His keen observation and study of nature at first hand brought forth fruit in his popular lectures on birds and wild animals, illustrating them, at first, by lantern-slide pictures taken and col- ored by himself. He was also the author of instructive magazine articles on "Birds," "The Taming of a Great White Heron," in "Bird Lore," and "A Hermit Thrush's Nursery" in the "Outlook."
Later, the advent of the moving-picture camera in photography opened up a new field for his genius and scientific energy. He not only took up the new art with zeal, but kept abreast of the rapid development of the moving-picture machine. He was satisfied with none but the best apparatus and with none but the best possible pictures of his own production. His consci- entious art kept aloof from the prevalent mercenary degradation of the moving-picture business. On the contrary, Norman McClintock's genius and energies have always been devoted to the nobler field of instruc- tion in Natural History. His hunting was with a camera and not with a gun. His pursuit robbed no nest of its protector and left no baby-birds as orphans to perish from starvation. His high art moving pic- tures and interesting lectures accompanying them have won a deserved appreciation and a wide popularity. He has lectured before the National Geographical So- ciety of Washington, D. C, and the American Museum of Natural History of New York, and has been the favorite lecturer before the Audubon societies through- out the United States. For his repertoire of moving- picture reels, he has laid under contribution the Lake Superior region for white-tailed deer; and for migra- tory birds their winter paradise on the Louisiana shore of the Gulf of Mexico, west of the Delta of die Mississippi, and both coasts of Florida and Mar- tha's Vineyard for its almost extinct heath hen. Un- daunted t^ the rigors of snow and cold of winter exploration in the wilds of the Rocky Mountain region, the time when big game are most accessible for obser- vation, he secured remarkable moving pictures of buffalo, moose, elk, antelope, deer and Rocky Moun- tain sheep. These were made possible under the favor- ing auspices of government officials in the Yellowstone P^rk, Montana, and in the Jackson Hole country of Wyoming, where he found a herd of 3,500 elk, in their winter refuge, being fed by the paternal botmty of the United States Government
A recent experience was with an expedition of sci- entists and members of the National Geographic So- ciety to the Bahama Islands, under the auspices of the Miami Aquarium Association. He accompanied them as photographer and moving-picture operator. One achievement of the expedition was his securing the first moving picture ever taken by anyone of the American flamingos (so named because of their flam- ing color), a large and most beautiful bird, robed in brilliant red. It is now almost extinct on the American continent, and only found in the innermost recesses of Andros Island of the Bahamas. Success was achieved, but not without enduring hardships from millions of mosquitoes, and wading through miles of tidal marshy waist deep in the "Swash" (the local name for the
bottom of soft marl), carrying his heavy picture ma- chine strapped upon his back.
Walter McClintock, second son of Oliver and Clara (Childs) McClintock, was born April 25, 1870, gradu- ate of Shadyside Academy, Pittsburgh, 1887, and of Yale in 1891. Yale conferred upon him the honorary degree of M. A. in 191 1, in recognition of his achieve* ment in his Indian book, ''The Old North Trail"
His lectures and publications relating to the Indians are the embodiments of his experiences and original investigations among the Blackfoot Indians during fif- teen years. His knowledge of them is first hand. He first entered their country in 1896, as a member of the Government Forestry Expedition under Hon. Gifford Pinchot. One of their guides was a famous Indian scout, who served under Generals Custer, Miles, and Reno in the Indian wars on the plains. When the work of the Forestry Expedition was completed, Walter McClintock recrossed the Rocky mountains eastward, led by this Indian scout, and joined the tribal camp of the Blackfeet on the plains. There he met many of their head men, among them Chief Mad Wolf. Thus began a friendship unusual between an Indian and a white man. Mad Wolf adopted his young friend as his white son in an elaborate ceremony. Then, in a second ceremonial, the old chief formally made him a member of the tribe, baptizing him with the Indian name of A-pe-ech-eken (White- weasel-moccasin). A skin of this animal was included in Mad Wolf's sacred Beaver Bundle (an important and ancient ceremony), because of its power as a hunter.
Thus Walter McClintock was introduced to the in- nermost circle of their tribal life. He made friends with their chiefs and medicine men. The open-hearted friendship and confidence accorded to him gave him an open door of access for investigation and study of a most interesting Indian cult, which had come down from the Stone Age. He was intimately associated with their family life, accompanying them on their travels and hunting expeditions, meanwhile making use of all op- portunities of observation.
By means of camera, graphophone, note book, and moving-picture machine, he gathered an extensive collection of valuable records of the life, legends and sun worship of this little known plains tribe of North- ern Montana and Alberta. The old chiefs and medicine men, with whom he associated, are dead, and with them have passed forever their ancient tribal organization and cult. They had no written lanfi^uage, no native historian, no tribal records, other than oral tradition. The younger generation of Indians are indifferent towards their ancient customs and traditions and to their preserva- tion. The invasion of white civilization compelled them to give up the nomadic life of their fathers and to live the settled life of white men. McClintock's records of fifteen years among them, therefore, never can be duplicated.
He set forth the results of his investigations in a series of popular lectures, illustrated by motion pic- tures, Indian songs and colored photographic lan- tern slides. His lectures were heard with interest and enthusiasm by scientific societies in England, Germany and the United States. In Germany he gave a series
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of lectures before the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and History in the Imperial Museum Voel- kerkunde. He also gave a series of lectures at the Royal Institution, London, the Royal Society of Dublin, and at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. He ad- dressed scientific and popular societies throughout Eng- land, Scotland, Germany and Denmark. In the spring of 1907, in response to a special invitation, he gave a lecture before President and Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt in the historic East Room of the White House in Washington. The distinguished company present in- cluded members of the Cabinet, the United States Su- preme Court, the diplomatic corps and other notables. During the same year, he lectured in the United States Embassy in Berlin before the imperial ministers of the German Emperor, ladies in waiting of the Empress, ambassadors of foreign countries, and the military and naval attaches. He was invited to dine with the German Crown Prince and Crown Princess at their Berlin Palace in Unter den Linden, and gave a "com- mand lecture" before the members of the imperial family and their friends at the Marble Palace, Potsdam.
In recognition of the value of his work, the United States Department of the Interior conferred upon him the honor of giving the name "McClintock Peak" to a mountain on Cutbank Pass, in Glacier National Park, Montana. In 1910 his book, "The Old North Trail," containing a vivid portraiture of Indian social life, and an accurate record of the legends, ceremonies, and sun worship of the Blackfoot Indians, was published by Macmillan & Company, of London, England.
A reviewer of the "London Times" wrote: "Mr. McClintock gives us a thousand charming pictures, a few reproductions in color of excellent drawings, many more the work of his camera, but most and best of all, prose descriptions irradiated with the joie de vivre
of the nomadic life of the foothills His book
is a mirror, in which the soul of the red man, misun- derstood for so many generations of his conquerors, is faithfully reflected, and yet is luminous with light from within."
The "Nation," (London), (R. B. Cunninghame Gra- ham) said: "Many have written of what they saw and told us of their sports, the wars, the loves and the pastimes of these peoples of the Stone Age, but, since the days of Hunter, only the writer of the present vol- ume has told us of their souls and their interior life. This book and Hunter's are perhaps the best books that have been written on the American Indians."
The "Standard" (London), said: "The extraordinary interest and value that are attached to this book have their foundation in the fact that no such book can ever be written again. The Blackfeet Indians of Alberta and Northwestern Montana' are a dying race .... The book must take its place among the standard works of ethnology."
In the winter of 1914, Walter McClintock made his seventh trip to Europe. He lectured in the German language before popular audiences in the theatres of Berlin and Copenhagen. Because of the favorable no- tices and attention given his lectures by the entire Berlin press, scientific societies and theatres arranged for his appearance during 1914 on the lecture stage
throughout Germany, Austria, and Hungary. But this trip had to be abandoned on account of the European War.
His book, "The Old North Trail," had been accepted for publication by the Vita Deutsdhes Verlagshaus, of Berlin. It had been translated into German under the title, "Das Schwannenlied des Roten Kriegers" (The Swan Song of the Red Warrior). The type had been set up and the printed proofsheets read, but the great war caused an indefinite postponement of the under- taking.
Emma Childs McQintock, daughter of Oliver and Clara (Childs) McClintock, bom Sept. 25, 1874, mar- ried Thomas Darling, Esq., of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., June 3, 1902. Four children: Thomas Darling, Jr., bom July 26, 1903, graduate of Phillips-Andover Academy, IQ21; Edward Darling, bora Jan. 2, 1906; Clara Childs, bora April 17, 1907; Elsie Lowrie, bora March 27, 1914.
Thomas Darling, a descendant on both parentel sides of prominent pioneer families of the Wyoming Valley, the only son of Edward Payson and Emily HoUenback (Rutter) Darling, of Wilkes-Barre, was bora in Wilkes- Barre, May 29, 1863.
A Yale graduate in 1886, he studied law under the direction of his father, a lawyer, and professionally a prominent factor in the corporation interests, whidi centered in Wilkes-Barre. He was admitted to the bar of Luzerne county in 1889. On the death of his father, Oct. 2, 1889, he 'became junior partner in the law firm of E. P. & J. V. Darling. Frank W. Wheaton (after- wards Judge Wheaton), coming into the firm, its title was changed to Darling & Wheaton. J. Vaughan Darling dying in 1892, John Butler Woodward replaced him in the firm, its title becoming Wheaton, Darling & Woodward. After several years, Messrs. Wheaton and Woodward were successively elected judges of the courts of Luzerae county. Then, associated with Mr. James L. Morris, whose connection with the firm had been contemporaneous with Mr. Darling's, their law practice has continued, largely in the management of estates and the service of corporations.
Mr. Darling was for several years member of the City Council of Wilkes-Barre, is member of the Penn- sylvania Society of the Sons of the Revolution, of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, of the Pennsylvania Bar Association and the American Bar Association, a member of the vestry of St Stephen's Episcopal Church, and of the Wyoming Valley Court of Honor of the Boy Scouts' Association, and of the Pennsylvania Forest Association. He is a director of the Wyoming National Bank, of Wilkes-Barre. He is vice-president of the board of trustees of the Wilkes- Barre Academy, of which his father was a founder, and of which he has been a devoted and energetic sup- porter throughout. He was one of the founders of the Westmoreland Club.
One can see, in this partial record of Mr. Darling's activities, the animating spirit of philanthropic service throughout. His conscientious sense of responsibility has constantly dh-ected his unceasing and self-sacrificing labors for the welfare of the community in which he lives.
Harvey Childs McClintock, Esq., third son of Oliver
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and Gara (Childs) McClintock, born Jan. i6, 1882, married, Nov. 11, 1911, Fanny Browcr, daughter Charles DcHart Browcr, Esq., and Mary B. B rower, of New York City. Two children: Harvey Childs, Jr., born Nov. 2, 1912; Bailey Brower, bom May 6, igii Harvey C. McClintock is a graduate of Shadyside Academy, 1898; Phillips- Andover Academy, 1899; Yale College, B. A. 1903; Harvard Law School, 1906. After admis- sion to the Pittsburgh bar, 1907, he practiced law as a member of the firm of Young, McClintock & Painter.
>f the County Court 191S he served as lolice commissioner ecial deputy police een associated with Jo. 14 Wall street,
f Oliver and Clara 10, 1886, married where they reside. Ford & Company, nctte, born March
•f Oliver and Clara 10, 1886, married rch 16, 1919, where sident of the Gem- troit.
•The passing years ven those men and east be borne, and ning mark in Wil- rialist of the Pitts- ^nsidered no effort ^s of his citizenship, family of German >m 1726. The first was Simon Snyder, ;ed to a tanner at spare hours to the I not only skilled
exact information, ved, he established per and mill owner, f the State Consti- t conservatism and id appreciated. In
Pennsylvania, .was ther tribute of hav- lor.
in Hollidaysburg, Bowman and Mary ed minister of the
of Christ Church, [ethodist Episcopal istrumental in the liam Penn Snyder
under his father's te an office boy in mpany, one of the )f Pittsburgh. As le various depart-
ments of the business, taking instinctively to the indus- try and displaying unusual capacities and capabilities.
John G. A. Leishman was associated with Mr. Snyder in the Schoenberger employ and they planned an inde- pendent partnership that materialized in 1880 in the firm of Leishman & Snyder, iron brokers. Until 1888 this firm enjoyed successful continuance, Mr. Leishman then withdrawing to accept an interest in the Carnegie Steel Company, of which he later became president Afterward Mr. Leishman entered the diplomatic serv- ice and was ambassador to both Turkey and Germany. Mr. Snyder became sole owner of the business by pur- chase of the Leishman interest and as W. P. Snyder & Company the business was conducted by Mr. Snyder until his death, one of the few iron brokerage firms with such a record of service and success.
In 1894-95 Mr. Snyder was vice-president of the McClure Coke Company, maintainihg his connection with the concern until its absorption by the H. C. Frick Coke Company. As a close friend and business asso- ciate of Henry W. Oliver, Mr. Snyder cooperated with that gentleman in a large number of important under- takings. Mr. Oliver and his associates performed the pioneer work in the present immense production of Lake Superior iron ore, Mr. Snyder being particularly interested in these operations and acquiring extensive holdings in the Lake Superior region. Mr. Oliver and Mr. Snyder are credited by the iron and steel industry of the country with being the first manufac- turers to successfully use one hundred per cent Mesabi ore in a blast furnace, a method until thei\ believed im- practicable and now a general practice. In the produc- tion of coking coal Mr. Oliver and Mr. Snyder headed an organization, the Oliver & Snyder Steel Company, which had the largest output, next to the H. C. Frick Coke Company, in the fifth bituminous district of Penn- sylvania. This company finally disposed of its business and properties to the American Steel and Wire Com- pany.
In 1904 Mr. Snyder was elected president of the Clairton Steel Company, and cofhpleted the building of the large steel plant at Clairton, Pa., which was taken over by the United States Steel Corporation in 1906. In this year he founded the Shenango Furnace Com- panyi to which, after Mr. Oliver's death in 1904, prac- tically his entire efforts were turned. With vast ore holdings in the Northwest, blast furnaces, coal mines, and coke works in Western Pennsylvania, he had the nucleus of a powerTul organization. Only one depart- ment was lacking — vessels, so from 1906 to 1912 Mr. Snyder built a fleet of large bulk freighters to transport the ore from the Northwest down the Great Lakes to his Pennsylvania plants, and upon the completion of this undertaking the Shenango Furnace Company was securely intrenched as one of the strongest independent companies of the United States.
Mr. Snyder was' also president of the Shenango Steamship Company, the Shenango Steamship and Transportation Company, and the Antoine Ore Com- pany. He was a director of the Pittsburgh Trust Company and the Union Trust Company, of Clairton. Several years after the formation of the United States Steel Corporation Mr. Snyder was offered the presi-
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dency of this great organization, but declined the honor on the ground that he preferred independent interests rather than the direction of a dominating combination. He possessed the essentials of successful leadership, courage, initiative, and constructive imagination, and intertwined with his executive talents was a rugged honesty and uprightness that kept his reputation free from any taint of questionable practice. Mr. Snyder held the confidence and trust of his associates to a remarkable degree, and their unswerving loyalty ac- counted for a large part of his success. He was a just and loyal friend, independent' in disposition, but re- sponding readily to any call made in friendship's name.
Mr. Snyder was a member of the American Iron and Steel Institute, the Pennsylvania Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, and the Duquesne and Pittsburgh clubs. In Duluth his club was the Kitchi Gammi; in Cleveland the Union, and in New York the Lawyers'. For many years Mr. Snyder served as a trustee of the University of Pittsburgh, and as a member of the board of governors of the Allegheny General Hospital.
William Penn Snyder married, in November, 1887, Mary C. Black, daughter of Dr. Alexander Wylie and Margaret (Watson) Black. Children: William Penn, Jr., a sketch of whom follows; and Mary Black.
William Penn Snyder died Feb. 3, 1921. His record will long stand in Pittsburgh annals as that of a man who realized the best possibilities of rich gifts, and who strove steadily with honest purpose and high ideals.
WILLIAM PENN SNYDER, JR— The weighty responsibilities for which he was trained came to Mr. Snyder early in life, and he is now an official of organ- izations whose operations are widespread and of leading importance. Mr. Snyder bears a name that, through his own activities and those of his honored father, has been in a position of leadership in industrial affairs for many years.
William Penn Siiyder, Jr., son of William Penn and Mary C. (Black) Snyder (q. v.), was bom in SewicklQr, Pa., Aug. 8, 1888. His educational advantages included a course in the Shadyside Academy of Pittsburgh, after which he entered Sheffield Scientific School of Yale Uni- versity, being graduated in 1910 with the degree of Bach- elor of Philosophy. When beginning business life he en- tered naturally into the field that had claimed the elder Snyder, and spent a ye^ in each, department of the Shenango Furnace Company, blast furnace, mining, and steamshipping, where he gained an experience in produc- tion that could have been obtained in no other manner. In 191 3 he entered the executive offices of the company, where he supplemented his practical knowledge witfi study of executive problems. For two years he was as- sistant to the president, afterward serving as vice-presi- dent, where he came into added responsibility in the ad- ministration of the company's large interests. In 1918 he became president of the company and has filled Uiat office to the present time. The Shenango Furnace Com- pany, miners and shippers of coal and iron ore, and man- ufacturers of pig iron and coke, is one of the best known organizations in its field. The company is so organized that it is almost entirely independent of outside influ-
ences, with the possession of valuable mineral deposits, immense plants, and transportation lines the foundation of its unassailable position. Mr. Snyder has continued in the policy outlined by the fotmder of this successful en- terprise, and has directed its operations in steadly pros- perity. He is also vice-president of the Shenango Steam- ship Company, vice-president of the Antoine Ore (Com- pany, vice-president of the Lake Erie Limestone Com- pany, and director of the Pittsburgh Trust Company and the Lake Erie (Carriers' Association. He is a member of the American Iron and Steel Institute, American In- stitute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, the Amer- ican Pig Iron Association, Yale Engineering Associa- tion, and the Pittsburgh Qiamber of Commtrct, taking * especially great interest in the work of the last named institution. He is a trustee of the University of Pitts- burgh, succeeding his father in 1920, and is secretary of the Associated Western Yale Clubs.
Mr. Snyder is a member of the Duquesne, Pittsburgh, University, and Allegheny Country clubs, the Kitchi Gammi Club, of Duluth, Minn., the Pittsburgh Athletic Association, and the Yale Qub, of New York City.
Mr. Snyder married, in New Orleans, La., Feb. 1% 191 7, Marie Elsie Whitney, of that city, and they have one son, William Penn (3rd).
REV. JOHN TAYLOR PRESSLY--"He left a me- morial in his work and a fragrance in his name through which his memory has been made dear to countless hearts." These words were spoken of Rev. John Taylor Pressly, D. D., for thirty-eight years the loved and hon- ored pastor of the First United Presbyterian Church of AUeg^ieny, Pa. There are many in that conmumity who remember Dr. Pressly, and there are many throughout the land, filling hundreds of pulpits, whose hearts bum with affectionate an(| grateful remembrance of him as their theological instructor.
John Taylor Pressly was born March 22, 1795, in Abbeville District, S. C, a son of David and Jane (Pat- terson) Pressly, both of Abbeville District, and de- scended from Scottish ancestors, who were among the early and influential settlers of that State. It has been truly said of Dr. Pressly that 'lie was an honored mem- ber of an honored family." He received his early educa- tion in a local academy, afterward entering Transyl- vania University, Kentucky, and graduating with the class of 1812. Having resolved to devote himself to the ministry of the gospel, he entered the Associate Re- formed Theological Seminary, New York, where he was under the instructions of the eminent Dr. John Mitdiell Mason. Having completed there a full three years' course of study, he was licensed in the spring of 181 5 by the Second Associate Reformed Presbytery of South Oirolina, and for a year devoted himself to missionary work, traveling on horseback through several of the Southern States and as far north as Pennsylvania and New York.
On his return home Mr. Pressly was called to the pas- torate of the church, in which he had been baptized, the Odar Springy (Congregational, and there he min- istered for fifteen peaceful, pleasant and profitable years, dating from ordination, July 3, 1816. Gladly would he
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have spent his life there, but he was known not only as a great preacher, but as one eminently qualified to educate preachers, and in 1825 he was appointed Professor of Theology by the Associate Reformed Synod of the South. The duties of this position he discharged acceptably un- til October 10, 1831, when he was elected professor of theology by the Associate Reformed Synod of the West, and on Jan. 5, 1833, entered upon his duties in Allegheny Theological Seminary, All^heny, Pa. His singular fit- ness for the work was soon recognized and added a new attraction to the Seminary.
In October, 1832, Dr. Pressly was called to the First Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Allegheny, and on Aug. 27, 1833, was installed as the first pastor of that congregation, having previously served the church v^iile reserving his decision. The history of this con- gregation is an intxu-esting one. It was organized in the third story of what was known as "Semple's Long Room," a building which is still standing on the west side of West Diamond street, four doors below South Diamond street In this room the congregation worshipped for some time after Dr. Pressly took charge, but the pur- chase of a lot, one hundred and twenty feet square, on the comer of what are known as South Diamond and East Diamond streets gave it an abiding place. In 1838, the congregation having become too large to be accommo- dated in this building, it was decided to erect a more spacious structure on the same site. This was done, but at the close of 1853 additional room was again found necessary and a lot was procured on Ridge street on which the Ridge Street Church was built to take care of the overflow, as the congregation was too large for one church. Once more, in 1867, it was decided to build a new house of worship and the result was the erection of ^ present structure on Union avenue. It is Gothic in its general style of architecture, and the front is ren- dered imposing by two massive squfire towers about one hundred feet in height In 1834 a charter for the con- gregation was i^ranted by the Supreme Court of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and in 1872 a new charter was granted by the Court of Conunon Pleas of An^heny county.
From the very beginning of Dr. Pressl/s pastorate, die young congregation entered upon an era of pros- perity. Large attendance became the rule, attracted by the earnest and eloquent preaching of the pastor, and there were many applications for admission to member- ship. The record of the passing years was one of rapid but permanent growth. The forces of the congregation were organized and these organizations flourished. As a preacher. Dr. Pressly was remarkable for clearness of conception and expression, and his fine personal appear- ance, his strong and sonorous voke, and his dignified and solemn action, gave to his delivery power approach- ing the magisterial. As a pastor he was watchful, tender and faithful, visiting, counselling and praying with his people in dieir homes and at their beds of sickness.
In a high degree. Dr. Pressly embodied the Roman ideal of perfect manhood, "a sound mind in a sound body." Throughout his life he apparently did the work of two or three ordinary men. In addition to the cares and burdens of a great congregation, he carried on for sixteen years the entire work of the Theological Semi-
nary, while during the remaining twenty-two years of his pastorate he served continuously as a professor in that institution. In 1842 he founded "The Preacher," a semi-monthly religious paper, now "The United Presby- terian," and for two years was its editor, proprietor and business manager, also contributing on a wide range of subjects to other periodical literature. Meanwhile he found time to publish several volumes on controverted points of theology, and at the meetings of the various courts of the church he was a familiar figure. He was one of the most prominent factors in the negotiations which resulted in the happy union of the Associate Re- formed and Associate churches, and at its consumma- tion no one rejoiced more heartily than he. He was faithful in the discharge of the duties of citizenship, taking a deep interest in all that pertained to the wel- fare of Pittsburgh, so long the scene of his labors and the home of his heart
To be the right man in the right place was the happy lot of Dr. Pressly. He was one of the few men to whom it is given to minister to a great congregation and a great community in the formative period of their his- tory, and upon that congregation and community he left an indelible impression. Throughout the entire United Presbyterian church his influence was felt, and it was in recognition of his invaluable services in helping to adjust the differences that separated the Associate and Associate Reformed churches that he was unanimously accorded the high honor of presiding as moderator over the first General Assembly of the united body, which was held in Zenia, Ohio. His fine executive talent gave him great influence in church courts, and in ecclesiastical matters generally, but undoubtedly his greatest service to the denomination was the signal influence he exerted as a professor in the Theological Seminary. His power as an instructor resulted in part from his personality and the reverence it excited, and in part from the fullness of his knowledge, the clearness of his statements, and his ex- ceptional power of analysis. The personal appearance of Dr. Pressly was strikingly impressive. Six feet in height, with clear-cut, strong, sensitive and refined features, iron gray hair and keen dark eyes, he looked at once the clergyman and patrician. He was a fine horseman, and when mounted suggested a resemblance to his cavalier ancestors. In manner he may have seemed to some somewhat austere, as he never lost the dignity of his profession or the demeanor of a cultured, Christian gen- tleman, but no one could be near him and not teel that he had a great, loving heart. In character, in life, and in all the work of his life, he was a good man.
Another institution with which Dr. Pressly was identi- fied was the Jefferson College, of Canonsburg. In 1832 he became a member of its board of directors, retaining the office until the college was merged with Washington College as the Washington and Jefferson College. For many years he was a member of the Board of Education of Allegheny City.
Dr. Pressly married, July 4, 1816, Jane Hearst, daugh- ter of Joseph and Jane (Pressly) Hearst, of Abbeville District, S. C, and their children were: Joseph H., now deceased, formerly a clergyman of Erie, Pa.; Louisa Jane, married John Steele, of Kentucky, and is now deceased; Mary Matilda, also deceased; Sarah, died
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young; David A. P., died Feb. 22, 1845; Elizabeth Car- oline, died young; Samuel, also died young; and Mar- garet Maltnda, now living on the North Side, a woman of wide culture, greatly beloved by a large circle of friends. Mary Matilda Pressly, now deceased, became the wife of Thomas McCance. Their children are : Jane Hearst, married Dr. John Mabon, of Pittsburgh; Joseph K., a physician of Pittsburgh ; Pressly T., also of Pitts- burgh; Mary Louise; Margaret M.; and William J., of New Haven, Conn., married Anna Hodge.
In his wife, who died April 4, 1873, Dr. Pressly found a helpmate worthy of his high calling, and he ever de- lighted to acknowledge that it was to her unfailing aid that he owed much of his success. Mrs. Pressly pos- sessed in a high degree the beautiful, womanly traits of Christian character which, modest and unassuming as she was, shone out of her life with radiant beauty in the sweet sunlight of a perpetual cheerfulness. She seemed to be gifted with a power to secure the confidence, win the affections, and touch the better chords in every heart by her simple presence and by a single word. No one could bind up a broken heart with a tenderer hand or a kindlier sympathy. Her presence was the light and joy of her own home, and her visits a bright summer day in the homes of the congregation, but it was in the abode of sickness and sorrow that she was most frequently found, and her coming constantly brightened the dwellings of the lowly. Dr. Pressly was a man who regarded the ties of family and friendship as sacred obligations. What he was to those nearest and dearest to him, they alone could tell. His life as a husband and father was one of rare beauty, and his home was the central spot in the congregation where the poorest and humblest were as welcome as the richest and most honorable.
In the early summer of 1870 Dr. Pressl/s health be- came serbusly impaired. A trip to the Great Lakes brought no relief, and on August 13, a few days after his return home, he ceased from his labors. He died in the harness, in the seventy-sixth year of his age, the fifty- fifth of his ministry, and the thirty-eighth of his pas- torate in Pittsburgh. He was mourned with a sorrow imfeigned, not only by his people but by many who had never been members of his congregation, and the largest assembly of mourners that had ever gathered in the city came together in the church in which he had ministered for so many years to pay tribute to his memory. People of all denominations felt that a great man had fallen in Israel. While he lived he spoke, and being dead he still speaks by the lives and lips of the great multitude who have never ceased to manifest the impress of his teachings.
In November, 1881, the First United Presbyterian Church of Allegheny celebrated its semi-centennial an- niversary, and on that occasion was unveiled a tablet to the memory of Dr. Pressly. It was placed upon the wall at the right of the pulpit, and is of white marble, having in the center, a shield of black marble on which, in gold letters, is the following inscription:
In Memory of
Rev. Jno. T. Pressly, D. D.»
for 38 years
The beloved and honored - pastor
of this church.
A grood and great man
Whose pure life, tender affection.
Wise counsel, unflinching fidelity,
And abundant labors
Are enshrined in the hearts
of a grateful people.
Born March 22d« 1795,
Died Augrust 13, 1870.
The RigrhteouiS Shall Be In Everlasting
Remembrance.
A noble and enduring tribute, but truly has it been said: "Dr. John T. Pressly needs no other memorial, among the living who knew him, than the tablets of their own hearts.'' Many of those to whom his stately and benignant presence was familiar have now passed away, but his influence abides, and his works do follow him.
SAMUEL P. HARBISON— The outstanding fact of Samuel P. Harbison's useful, ideally-consecrated life was his constant increase of power and accomplishment through the years — his progress to a position of leader- ship in his line of industry, his ever-enlarging service to his denomination, and a steadily-developing sphere of helpfulness toward his fellowmen. The record of his life is the story of a man of commanding abilities in practical lines, abilities transcended by an inspired sense of stewardship. He was a man who never lost sight of his responsibility to the Donor of all his gifts, and who so lived that the thought of him is a fragrant, blessed memory, with many to bear witness to the streng^, par- ity, and beauty of hb life.
Samuel P. Harbison was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and took from his progenitors a physical wiriness and strongly-marked religious convictions. His paternal and maternal lines date to about the middle of the eighteenth century in Pennsylvania, when both the Harbisons and Pollocks came to America. Bakerstown, Butler county, finally became the family home, and there Samuel P. Harbison was bom Sept. 26, 1840, son of James and Martha (Pollock) Harbison. He was reared on die home farm, attended the Bakerstown school, and displayed such an aptitude in his studies that at the extremely early age of sixteen years he became an instructor in the local schools. After one year in Bakerstown school, he went to Allegheny and continued teaching work, first in a school at Minersville, and later in a school situated on Marshall avenue, Allegheny. By this time he was able to indulge his desires for greater educational advantages, and he attended Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., and Eldersridge Academy, Indiana county. Pa., obtaining a thorough theoretical business training. He entered busi- ness life as a bookkeeper in the employ of Col. William A. Herron, then clerk of the courts, and used his time in the evening during this period of several years in keeping the books of the Star Fire Brick Company. This company was organized in 1865, and Mr. Harbison's association began in May, 1866. He gradually grew into a position of responsibility m the organization, and on Aug. 29, 1870, when the original organizer and manager, J. K. Lemon, resigned, Mr. Harbison was appointed manager by the board of directors. In August, 1874, the old firm was dissolved and was succeeded by the firm of Reed & Harbison. In Jantuuy, 1875, Mr. Hay Walker purchased for his son the interest of Mr. Reed, and the firm of Harbison & Walker resulted. This part-
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nership in its later devdopfnents became the Harbison & Walker Company, incorporated July 29, 1894. afterward tbe Harbison-Walker Company, incorporated Jtuie 30, 1901. In 1902, in combination with other fire brick in- terests, the Harbison-Walker Refractories Company was formed, Mr. Harbison filling the office of chairman of the board of directors of this organization at die time of bis death. The Harbison-Walker Refractories Company has become the most extensive of its kind in the United States, operating thirty-three plants in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, Alabama, Wisconsin, and Georgia.
His success, and his life was a success along most comprehensive lines, was based upon a minutely thor- ough knowledge 01 the branch of manufacturing to which he devoted his time and efforts. He was an author- ity on all matters relating to clays, especially those used in the manufacture of fire bncks and for the lining of high temperature furnaces. The following is quoted from a history of his business life, which he wrote in response to often urged requests of his sons: 'The Lord had very graciously guided every step; and my habit on my return home to my room where I was then hoarding as a single man, was to thank the Lord for all I had been led and cared for." "I to-day can only praise Him for the gracious, kindly providence that luis been about me in my business relations, especially in giving me the kind of men with whom I have been associated in all diese years, who have only one purpose before them— to do a thoroughly honest business." It was char- acteristic of Mr. Harbison that he remamed in close touch with a large ntmiber of his employees, to whom his sincere friendliness and constant sympathy were an ever-present sotu-ce of pleasure and inspiration.
For a long period Mr. Harbison was a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Allegheny, but about twenty-five years before hb death he withdrew from that congregation and united with the McClure Avenue Pres- byterian Church, of which he became an elder. His parental teaching, the influence of a God-fearing ances- try and deep personal convictions, early in life led him to become a liberal contributor to the support and work of the church, and for many years he followed the tithing plan and gave ten per cent, of his income for the exten- sion of the Kingdom. As his fortune grew he found greater needs than this amount would supply, and his gifts for religious and philanthropic uses came to in- clude all of his income above his living expenses. He was chairman of the board of directors and member of the board of trustees of the Western Theological Sem- inary of Pittsburgh, Pa., and a member of the board of directors of Grove City College, a liberal benefactor of bodi institutions. He was also chairman of the board of trustees of the Yoimg Men's Christian Association, a member of three committees of the Presbyterian General Assembly, and a director of the Allegheny General Hos- pital, the Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, and the Presbyterian Hospital. While he was most in- timately in touch with institutions in the vicinity of his home, he ever felt it his privilege and pleasure to aid tmdertaldngs of similar nature even when these were quite far removed from his personal'touch.
He was known as a generous friend of the Theological Seminary of the West at Omaha, Neb., and the Dubuque Theological Seminary for Foreigners at Dubuque, Iowa. There was no individual or group in need of aid to reach a higher plane of life that was not included in Mr. Har- bison's tmiversal sympathy. His love for humanity rec- ognized no distinctions of color, creed, or condition. No- where was this catholicity of spirit nx>re apparent than in his earnest, fruitful efforts for the uplifting of the n^^o. He was active in the Board of Freedmen of the Presbyterian Church, and contributed largely to indus- trial schools throughout the South. Desiring to express more completely his personal idea of the most efficacious methods for the benefit of the negro, he founded Harbi- son Collie at Abbeville, S. C, and in addition to close cooperation with the authorities of this institution during his lifetime he insured the permanence and success of thb work by giving the land and buildings. The build- ings of this institution were destroyed by fire after Mr. Harbison's death, and his estate reorganized its work as an agricultural college for colored boys, located at Irmo, S. C Here the school has a tract of 500 acres, which are cultivated by the students tmder the direction of the faculty. In addition to this land, which is used solely by the school, 800 acres have been purchased and resold in tracts of forty acres each to deserving and industrious negro families who pay for the land from the proceeds of their crops and are given title thereto upon the com- pletion of payment The only condition upon which the deed is refused and money reftmded, providing that the new owner's reputation is clear, is in the event of his failure to attend church and Sunday school with his children. In the further development of this plan 2400 acres are now being added for settlement, and in this manner a prosperous, law-abiding, agricultural commu- nity of colored people is being built up, with the college and church as its center. While Mr. Harbison's name has not been so widely heralded as other benefactors of the colored race, he was inspired by the spirit that gave to the world and to the salvation of the negro race such men as Armstrong and Frissell, and he was a loyal, steadfast follower of the cause that was theirs.
Mr. Harbison married, Feb. i, 1870, Emma J. Boyd, daughter of William Boyd, of the firm of William Boyd & Sons, leading contractors, and they were the parents of one daughter, Fanny, who died in her fourteenth year, and two sons, William Albert and Ralph W.
Mr. Harbison died May 10, 1905. Physical life had not been easy for him, but the shortcomings of his body were more than atoned for by the vigor and wealth of his spirit. This record of his strenuously active, bound- lessly beneficial life may well end with the following quotation from the writing of one of his associates in religious work:
This man'jB faith worked out Into his daily life. He ever honored God. All his abundant prosperity he ascribed to €k>d. His sorrows and adversities he took as discipline of the Father. He was sympathetic with human souls; women trusted him; children loved him; young men honored him, and rejoiced in his fellow- ship and sympathy. Experienced men depended upon him with boundless confidence. He was truly able to say: 'The life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith of the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me."
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HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH
GEORGE W. FLOWERS— In legal practice and extensive business connections, Mr. Flowers has for more than thirty years been active in Pittsburgh's affairs. His family has long been resident in the commonwealth, and is allied with other Pennsylvania lines of distin- guished record. The Flowers family came from Eng- land, having originally located after the Norman Con- quest in Oakham, Rutlandshire, which county was rep- resented for many years in the English Parliament by William Flower and his son Roger, the (atter having served as Speaker of the House of Commons during five successive Parliaments. The first of the family in this country came with William Penn, and settled in Phila- delphia, Pa., in 1683. The first institution of learning in Pennsylvania was the school established by Enoch Flower, or Flowers, in Philadelphia, in that year. A nephew, Henry, settled in Philadelphia, and a brother, William, in Delaware county, Pa., where many of his descendants still live. A number of their descendants fought in the ranks of the Continental army during the War for Independence, and one of them, Richard Flower, was a member of the Committee of Safety during that struggle, and at least two of them laid down their lives on the field of battle.
(I) George Flowers, great-great-grandfather of George W. Flowers, was also a soldier in the Revolutionary War, being a member of Capt. Christian Schaffer's company of the Fifth Regiment of Foot, commanded by Maj. Richard Salter. After the war he went into business as a flour and feed merchant in Philadelphia, Pa., residing for many years at the comer of Eighth and Race streets, where he died in 1819. His wife, Hannah Flowers, sur- vived him several years.
(II) Jacob Flowers, son of George and Hannah Flow- ers, was bom in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1762, and when a young man moved to Harrisburg, ^here he married, in 1789. Later he moved to Allegheny cotmty and pur- chased a farm on the Brownsville road, about three miles south of Pittsburgh, and in 1804 erected there a stone house, which is yet standing. Here he engaged in agri- cultural pursuits, and was also for some years the pro- prietor of a hotel. He died in 1831, and his wife, Eliz- abeth in 1833.
(III) (George (2) Flowers, son of Jacob and Eliza- bctfi Flowers, was bora at Harrisburg, Pa., in 1797, and was a small boy when the family moved to Allegheny county. Later he became a farmer of that county, pur- chasing about two hundred and seventy acres of land a short distance south of White Hall, vthere he lived until his death, in 1877. In politics he was a Republican, and in religious belief a Lutheran. Mr. Flowers married Elizabeth Homing, daughter of Christopher and Eliza- beth (Mantell) Homing, of Allegheny coimty, and their children were: Jacob; John Homing, of whom further; Lavinia, wife of Frederick Olenhausen, of Allegheny county; Priscilla, married John Aber, of Allegheny county; Martha, married Herman H. Niemann, of Pitts- burgh; Sophia, wife of ChsLvles Meyran, also of Pitts- burgh ; and Mary, who married J. C. Matz, of Allegheny county.
(IV) John Homing Flowers, son of C^rge and Eliz- abeth (Homing) Flowers, was bom Feb. 34, 182 1. He
received his education in local schools. He also was a farmer, and resided until 1869 in Allegheny county, re- moving in the latter year to Westmoreland county. He was a Republican, and for a number of years filled the various local offices of township supervbor, school di- rector and councilman. He was one of the organizers and a member of the first board of directors of the Equitable Building and Loan Association of Irwin, Pa., now a large and flourishing institution, which, in the thirty years of its existence, has helped thousands of its members to build or purchase homes. He was a mem- ber and trustee of the First Reformed Church of the same place. His death occurred April 28, 1898. He mar- ried, June 21, 1855, Sarah Lenhart, daughter of Joseph R. and Elizabeth (Baughman) Lenhart, of Westmore- land county. Pa.; she was bora Dec. 25, 1834, and died Dec 12, 191 1. Her great-grandfather. Christian Lenhart, of York county, Pa., was an ensign or second lieutenant in the Third (>ompany, Eighth Battalion of the (>ontinental Line, commanded by Lieut-(>ol. James Ross in the Revolutionary War. Andrew Byerly, her great-great-grandfather, was one of the first settlers west of the Allegheny mountains, having located in I759» with his wife and family of small children, near the Forbes road at Bushy Run, a short distance north of the present town of L-win, Pa. His nearest neighbor was at Fort Ligonier, twenty miles east At that time he was an express rider, carrying messages between the command- ant at Fort Pitt and Philadelphia. Four years later, on Aug. 5, 1763, he rendered signal service under (>olonel Boquet at the important and decisive battie with the Indians at Bushy Run, in which he was a member of the advance guard, two-thirds of whom fell at the first fire. John Horning and Sarah (Lenhart) Flowers were the parents of the following children: i. Joseph F., of Wichita, Kan., married Emma Mclntyre, and has four sons: Charles Clarence, James J., Harry E., and Willie A. 2. (korge W., of whom further. 3. Grant L., of Otttunwa, Iowa, married Bertha E. Jones, and their children are: Edmimd H., Dwight L., and C^rge H. 4. Sarah Anne, married William H. Crock, of Irwin, and is now deceased. 5. John H., in the plumbing business in Pittsburgh; married (first) Caroline Colerick, of Ir- win, Pa.; (second) Margaret M. Broderick, of Buffalo, N. Y.; children by first marriage: John H. (3), and Leonard Cx>lerick.
(V) (Jeorge W. Flowers, son of John Homing and Sarah (Lenhart) Flowers, was bom near White Hall, Pa., May 15, i860. After attending public schoob he entered Irwin Academy and was later for one year a student in Washington and Jefferson College. At die end of that time he entered the junior class at Yale and re- ceived his B. A. degree in the class of 1884. His legal studies were pursued under the preceptorship of Judge Alexander D. McConnell, of Greensburg, Pa., and George W. Guthrie, Esq., of Pittsburgh, who was later minister to Japan. In 1886 Mr. Flowers became chief deputy in the prothonotary's office in (ireensburg, and two years later was appointed prothonotary of Westmoreland county. In 1889, at the close of his term, he was ad- mitted to the Westmoreland county bar, and in the same year to the bar of Allegheny county, two years after*
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ward being admitted to practice in die United States courts. Mr. Flowers came to Pittsburgh in 1890, im- mediately taking up professional work, and the thirty years of his activity have established him as an author- ity on corporation law, with a large practice in this branch of his calling. He is a member of the Westmore- land and Allegheny County Bar associations, and of the Pennsylvania State and American Bar associations.
Mr. Flowers has entered fields unrelated to his pro- fession. In 1892 he was one of the organizers of the First National Bank of Irwin, becoming a member of its board of directors, and for the last twelve years has been serving as vice-president In 1902 he was instru- mental in the organization of the Manor Nation^ Bank, of Manor, Pa., and is a memlM^ of its board of direc- tors. He was a founder of the First National Bank of Gallitzin, Pa., and the First National Bank of Trafford City, Pa., serving for some time on their directorates. In 1900 he aided in the organization of the Parkersburg Iron and Steel Company, and has since been a director of the company, also holding advisory and official posi- tions in a number of other industrial and financial con- cerns, including the Citizens Savings Bank and the Fifth Avenue Bank of Pittsburgh. Mr. Flowers founded the Irwin "Republican*' in 1891, and for twelve years was its owner and part of the time its editor. Later he pur- chased the Irwin "Standard," consolidated the two pa- pers under the name of the "Republican-Standard/' and finally disposed of the journal to its present owners.
Irwin has been Mr. Flowers' home for many years, and he is the author of "A History of Irwin and Vi- cinity," a work that is regarded as authoritative, and written in a clear, forceful, and at the same time enter- taining style. Mr. Flowers has long been active in local affairs, and has given largely of his time, means and service for the improvement and advancement of the community. For several years he was solicitor of the borough, and served a number of terms as a member of its Board of Education. In 1895 he gave to Irwin its public school library, which has become an important part of its educational system. Later he performed much efficient work in securing the establishment of the Irwin Union High School for the town and vicinity. As early as 1878 he began publicly to advocate the compulsory education of all children of school age. Mr. Flowers is believed to be the first person in the State to take a imblic stand for this principle, then because of Pennsyl- vania's large industrial population, most unpopular, but now universally conceded to be a proper exercise of government He also assisted in the drafting of the first bill presented to the Legislature of Pennsylvania for furnishing free text books to all pupils in the public schools.
Mr. Flowers is a member of Westmoreland Lodge, No. 518, Free and Accepted Masons ; he is also a mem- ber of the Westmoreland Historical Society and of the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society, and president of the Bushy Run Battlefield Association. He belongs to the Americus Republican Press and Union clubs, of Pittsburgh, and to the Century Qub, of Irwin, in which he has for many years taken an active part. He was for several years president of the Irwin Chamber of Com-
merce. His religious membership is in the Reformed Church of the United States.
Mr. Flowers married, June 14* 1894, Mrs. Sarah E. (Cole) Gregg, daughter of Henry G. and Lucy A. (Len- hart) Cole, of Irwin, Pa. Mrs. Flowers is a member of the Century Club and Federation of Women's Qubs, and is interested in local civic work.
WILLIAM SAMUEL HADDOCK—It is always an honor to be placed in responsible public office by the votes of one's fellows, but it is an even greater distinction to fill a difficult post with such devotion to duty that popularity is increased and favor heightened by the period in the public eye. This has happened to William Samuel Haddock, since 191 7 sheriff of Alle- gheny county, long connected with journalistic circles in Pittsburgh, and widely known through an association of many years with all fields of amateur athletics.
William Samuel Haddock was born in Swansea, South Wales, July 28, 1875, son of Rev. William and Sarah (Lewis) Haddock. His father was a noted Welsh preacher, of strong influence in religious activi- ties, who had journeyed on various missions to Welsh colonies throughout the United States, He was also an author of reputation. During one of his journeys from the homeland, in 1883, his wife died, and in 1887 he brought his family to the United States, locating at Frostburg, Md., where he engaged in ministerial work, his death occurring about a year later.
In 1889, a youth of fourteen years, William S. Had- dock came to Pittsburgh, where he entered newspaper work and was first employed on' a Welsh newspaper for a short time, leaving this paper to begin a twenty- eight years' term of service with the Pittsburgh "Press." For fifteen years of this time he was manager of the circulation department, the influence of this large and highly reputed journal dependent in great measure upon his ability to place the . paper in the hands of the reading public. His success in building up the circulation of the "Press," his able administra- tion of that department upon which the value of all other departments depends, is attested by the long period during which he remained in charge of the circulation of the paper.
There are few men who have contributed more to the maintenance of high standards in amateur athletics or given more freely of their time and service for the proper organization and supervision of the athletic games that have been responsible for the physical ex- cellence of American youths than Mr. Haddock. He is president of the National Baseball Federation, the governing body of all amateur and semi-professional baseball organizations; president of the Greater Pitts- burgh Baseball Commission, supervising amateur asso- ciated baseball clubs in the city; member of the Ameri- can Olympic Committee for the games at the Antwerp Olympiad; member of the National Championship Committee of the Amateur Athletic Union; vice-presi- dent of the International Skating and Hockey Union of the United States; treasurer of the United States* Football Association,* the governing body of soccer activity throughout 4he United States; and president of the Allegheny Mountain Association of the Amateur
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Athletic Union, which has jurisdiction over all amateur sports in Western Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia. In these capacities he has labored earnestly to foster a spirit of true sportsmanship in athletic con- tests, to keep amateur athletics free from any taint of commercialism, and to enable contestants competing under the rules of the governing bodies of which he is an official to realize the best benefit from their compe- tition and training.
Mr. Haddock served in the American army during the Spanish- American War, enlisting in April, 1898, as a private in Company C, loth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers (the "Fighting Tenth") and serving with his regiment in the Philippine Islands, participating in a number of heavy engagements. He was honorably discharged from the service in August, 1899. He is a member of McKinley Post, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and of Merrill Allen Camp, United Spanish War Veterans.
In common with most journalists, Mr. Haddock has been deeply interested in, and a close follower of, po- litical action, as an Independent Republican, and his wide acquaintance and following through his semi- public work in athletic connections showed to advantage when he became a candidate for elective office. In November, 191 7, he was elected sheriff of Allegheny county for a four years' term, and has discharged the duties of that office in a most efficient, acceptable man- ner. He attended the Republican National Convention of 1920 at Chicago as a delegate from his district Mr. Haddock is a type of citizen not at all in accord with the popular conception of sheriffs, and his businesslike, thorough, and faithful performance of his duties has also been far above average. His term covered the period of the United States' participation in the World War, when Pittsburgh, as one of the world's greatest industrial centers, supplied many of the instruments and munitions of war to the American and Allied gov- ernments. Professional agitators and propagandists made the city their headquarters in campaigns of ob- struction, strikes were fomented, and unrest of all kinds was encouraged by these influences. Insofar as these conditions came under his jurisdiction, and he was to a large extent responsible for the maintenance of law and order, Mr. Haddock exercised his authority judiciously and effectively, with the result that there was a singular lack of rioting aiid violence. The great steel strike of 1919 was even a more severe test, for the authorities among the strikers placed no price too high for victory. The most wily and resourceful lead- ers came to Pittsburgh in a body and directed the foreign element, the uneducated, and the unscrupulous, in baiting the authorities in an attempt to force them to overstep legal limits. Mr. Haddock marshalled his forces with splendid generalship, and in cooperation with the police handled the trying and critical situation in such a manner that it was never necessary to call upon military aid, which was needed in many other . steel manufacturing districts. Popular approval in gen- erous measure was th<s reward of his share in delivering Allegheny county from the lawlessness that had ac- companied other periods of labor trouble, and his hold
upon the public esteem was strengthened by his con- scientious dbcharge of his weighty responsibilities.
He is a member of the Masonic order, affiliating with Dormont Lodge, No. 684, Free and Accepted Masons; St Clair Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Chartiers Commandery, Knights Templar; and Syria Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine; also affiliating with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; the Knights of Malta; and the Protected Home Circle. He is also a member of the Pittsburgh Athletic Asso- ciation, and the Union, St Clair Country and Americus Republican clubs.
Mr. Haddock married, Aug. 30, 1907, Wilhelmina S. Kreis, daughter of John C. and Rose Kreis, of Pitts- burgh. They are the parents of: Sarah Rose, Ruth, Gwen, Joan, and William.
ALFRED B. HUNT^It is truly characteristic of Americans that th^ cling with unfaltering loyalty to those men who have served them well in critical times, and it is equally true that the names connected with great industrial and scientific achievements never lose their place of honori Thus it is that Capt Alfred E. Hunt, of Pittsburgh, is held in grateful remembrance for dis- tinguished service in the Spanish-American War, while his name is linked in close union with that of Hall in the gift to the world of aluminum. Pittsburgh proudly accords him a place in her annals.
Captain Hunt was a descendant in the eighth genera- tion from William Hunt, who in 1635 came from Sal- isbury, England, and was one of the original sfcttlers of Concord, Mass. He was a son of Leander B. Hunt of East Douglass, Mass., and among his ancestors were men who in civil and military life served their country well. His Grandfather Hunt was the founder of the Hunt Axe & Edge Tool Works at East Douglass* and Captain Hunt came rightfully by the qualities that gave him eminence in industry and interest and aptitude in military affairs.
Captain Hunt was bom in East Douglass, Mass., March 31, 1855, and died in Philadelphia, Pa., April 26, 1899. After preparatory education he entered the Boston Insti- tute of Technology, and was graduated in the class of 1876. During the latter part of his senior year he had busied himself during the afternoon with analytical and metallurgical work for the Bay State Steel Company, of South Boston. He continued with them for some time after his graduation, assisting in the erection of the second open hearth steel plant in the United States. After the completion of his studies the manager of the Bay State Steel Company recommended him for a mis- sion to the West, the investigation of some newly dis- covered ore deposits in northern Michigan, and his fav- orable reports were the first steps iii the development of mines which are now a part of those in the most profit- able iron district of the world. In 1877 he fomied an association with the Nashua Steel Company as metal- lurgist, and was in charge of chemical and metallurgical work for their open hearth department until 188 1, when he resigned to become metallurgical chemist and super-
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intendent of ^he heavy hammer department for Park Brothers & Company's Black Diamond Steel Works, at Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1883 Mr. Hunt resigned from this employ, and in association with George H. Clapp, who had aiso been trained in the Park Brothers establish- ment, founded a chemical and metallurgical laboratory. They operated under the name of Himt & Clapp, and acted as consulting metallurgists for many of the mills in die Pittsburgh district, performing chemical work for the Pittsburgh Testing Lal)oratory, which had been es- tablished in the same year by William Kent and W. F. Ztnmierman. Hunt & Gapp later came into control of die Pittsbiu-gh Testing Laboratory, greatly enlarged its field of work, and made it a pioneer enterprise in work of this class. Under Captain Hunt's earnest and aggres- sive management the business became highly prosperous, and a corps of fifty or more chemists, metallurgists, in- spectors and assistant engineers were at time employed. Throughout a business and professional career, whose demands were extremely heavy, Captain Hunt retained a deep and constant interest in his alma mater, found pro- fessional openings for many of its students, extended warm hospitalit}* to any "T^" man who looked him up in Pittsburgh, and for many years conducted the exami- nations at Pittsburgh for entrance to the institute.
In consultation, in legal work, and in many spheres of professional life, Captain Hunt was in continuous de- mand, and he was called upon for assistance in the per- fection of metallurgical processes to supplement the Hall Process for the reduction of aluminum. This process had been tried by a metallurgical firm of prominence and had been rejected. Mr. Hunt was quick to see its merit, and as soon as he had convinced himself of its possi- bilities he organized a company among his personal friends to purchase the control of patents and to erect the first works of the Pittsburgh Reduction Company. An illustration of his marvelous energy and decisiveness in action, as well as showing the confidence of his asso- ciates in his judgment and integrity, it is interesting to note that only half a day elapsed from the time that he decided to try to secure the rights to this process until he had the subscription of funds, the assignment of the patent rights, and the plan of operation outlined. Alum- inum was then marketed at fifteen dollars per pound; the company that he formed lowered the price of the ingots to twenty cents per pound in normal times. It was then a rare metal, occasionally used in a small way by an instrument maker for some purpose demanding spedal lightness ; the output of the concern he organized rose to more than fifty million pounds per year. In the course of its operations the name of the concern was changed to the Aluminum Company of America. Alum- inum came to dispute actively the place of copper and brass for large, long-distance electric conductors, all branches of industry employ it, and no well equipped kitchen is without its quota of aluminum utensils. Cap- tain Hunt early realized that great profits rested in the lowering of the cost of production, and that if a large output was to be marketed, it must be manufactured at a pnce that would at least compete with copper. This nar- rowed his search to a quest for the richest mineral, the cheapest power, and the best factory appliances, and,
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these found, its price was brought down to from ten to twenty per cent, below that of brass or copper, measured bulk for bulk, or for equal electric conductivity. The profound chemical skill of Mr. Hunt receives its due and generous recognition for the invention and perf ectk>n of the process, while it was Captain Hunt whose scien- tific knowledge, bold business judgment, and inexhaust- ible energy have brought commercial success and gave the arts and industry a new metal for use, without re- gard to cost
While a student in the Boston Institute of Technol- ogy, Mr. Hunt became enthusiastically interested in the course in military science knd tactics given by Lieut (later Captain) £. L. Galinski, Fifth Artillery, United States Army, and was placed in command of one of the companies in the Institute Battalion. Before graduation he had enlisted in the Ninth Regiment of Massachusetts Militia, and in that regiment rote rapidly from private rank to corporal, sergeant, lieutenant and captain. He resigned upon his removal from Boston to Nashua, but soon joined the New Hampshire Militia, was appointed first sergeant, six months later was commissioned lieu- tenant, and a month afterward was made captain, resign- ing from the New Hampshire Militia when he came to Pittsburgh in 1881. About fifteen years prior to his death he organized, in Pittsburgh, Battery B, enrolling first as a private, and soon rising to captain's rank, the third time he had been elevated to the command of a company. Under his captaincy Battery B became one of the crack military organizations of the State. In his effort to bring the discipline and military efficiency of his battery to the highest possible' standing, Captain Hunt visited, as opportunity offered in the course of business travel, the militia of other states, repeatedly attended battery drill of the United States Regulars, and inspected the English military evolutions at Aldershot. In recruit- ing Battery B a grade of men of exceptionally high standing was reached. The drivers were many of them young, active teamsters, thoroughly familiar with the care and training of horses; the gunners and gtm crews of the Catlings came largely from the excellent mechanics in which Pittsburgh abounds. Just prior to the declar- ation of the war with Spain, the battery had been equipped with modern steel g^uns, and when mustered into Federal service it had among the United States volunteers no superior in equipment, discipline, or per- sonnel.
Within twenty-four hours after President McKinley's call for troops, the members of the battery had met, and without a single exception they voted for active service, the battery thus being the first to volunteer for the Spanish War. Nor was this action taken without the sacrifice of personal interest Captain Hunt himself had in course large undertaking^ which, owing to the long commercial depression, imperatively demanded his care and supervision, but his response to the call of patriotism was instant and unquestioning. He was a skilled chem- ist and had qualified as a sanitary expert, and he sought imremittingly from the first day of camp life to incul- cate and command complete obedience to sanitary pre- cautions, disregard of which exacted a heavier toll than enemy fire could have done in a much longer period.
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Although himself worn out and invalided home from Chickamauga, and again overcome with malarial fever in Porto Rico, Captain H«nt had the deep s^tiiifactiori of ^ bringing back to their loved ones in Pittsburgh every man that he led away at the beginning of hostilities. The useful resotu'ces of this command, with an experienced engineer in charge and a corps of trained and skillful bridge erectors in the ranks, were employed at the land- ing at Arroyo, where they quickly constructed a long pier on which the guns were taken ashore, and at a stream running in a deep ravine on the line of march across Porto Rico, through whose waters the able team- sters of Himfs Battery we're the first to lead tiie way. A day later Captain Hunt, hi? bridge cfew' supervising and with many willing hands assisting, built, in about eight hours' time, a crude bridge over this ravine strong enough to bear up Under a troop of cavalry at full gal- lop, and over which fhe remainder of tb: army train passed with comfort and ease. At the request of the editors of the "Technology Review," Captain Hunt pre- sented a brief outline sketch of some of these experiences in the issue of March 2, 1899. At the close of the war members ef this battery were actors in a very dramatic incident, described in the first number of the "Technol- ogy Review." The Spaniards were disputing the way of General Brooke's division; the Mauser bullets were al- ready whistling ; Hunt's Battery had the head of the line and was drawn up for action widi loaded gun3 trained; and a sharp engagement was about to bejB^ At this point a messenger hastened -forward and handed General Brooke a cablegram announcing the protocol and cessation of fighting. "Harper's Weekly" published a Ufe^ike re- production of this scene. Captain Hunt's likeness does not appear in this picture because of the fact that iht artist was some miles in the rear when the event occurred, and when the battery, at the request of the artist, posed for the photograph some days later. Captain Hunt was in the hospital with malarial fever. He was, in fact, standmg at the side of General Brboke and in front of his battery when the cablegram wks received.
Captain Hunt had always tz^ken an active part in the promotion of good government in Pittsburgh, was influ- ential in the inception of the movement for the purifica- tion of it^ pUblk water supply, and at the time of his death was associated with the eminent scientist, John A. Brashear, on a commission appointed by the city to in- vestigate remedies for the snioke nuisance. Upon his return from the war he >vas urged by prominent men of both parties to accept the nomination of mayor of Pitts- burgh, but declined, feeling that with the pressure of private affairs his health would not stand the strain of such service.
He was a thorough student of economic conditions, and governed his business activity in accordance with the principles that determined the industrial and commercial prosperity of a country. Quick to s^ signs of renewed activity, upon his return from military service he at once began work upon enlargements of the already extensive works of the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, doubling the capacity of the rolling mill near Pittsburgh and of their electric smelting works at Niagara. He also planned the development of new bauxite mines in Ar-
kansas, and worked incessantly under the tremendous pressure. He realized that his strength was impaired, and arranged to take a few days' recreation with his wife and mother at Atlantic City. Stopping for a short time in Philadelphia, he was taken seriously ill, rapidly became worse, and death overtook him, April 26, 1899, almost before the friends who had witnessed his strenuous activ- ity realized that he was unwell.
Captain Hunt was prominent in the membership of va- rious technical societies. He had been president of the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania; vice-pres- ident of the American Institute of Mining Engineers; and was a member of the American Society of Mechan- ical Engineers, the American Society of Civil Engineers, and British Iron and Steel Institute, and the Institution of Civil Engfaieers of Great Britain. The American So- ciety of Civil Engineers, in 1893, awarded him the Nor- man gpld medal for his paper on methods of testing structural steel, and many of his scientific writings are regarded as authoritative.
Captain Hunt married, Oct 29, 1873, Maria Tyler McQuesten, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Ltmd) McQuesten, of Nashua, N. H., her father a railroad man of that State. They were the parents of one son, Roy Arthur, bom Aug. 3, 18S1, married, June 11, 19131 Ra- chel McMasters Miller, daughter of Mprtimer C. and Rachel (McMasters) Miller. They have one son, Al- fred Mortimer Hunt, bom April 2, 1919. Mr. Hunt is a vice-president of the Aluminum Company of America, and a director of the Mellon National Bank, the Alum- inum Manufacturers, Incorporated, the Aluminum Goods Manufacturing Company, and the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory Company.
In an active career of less than a quarter of a cen- tury, Captain Hunt realized great scientific and indus- trial achievements, and won a place in the hearts of his associates that was distinctively his own. A genial hu- mor and genuine love of fun stood between him and the sharp edges of life, and his companionship was a pleas- ure to *M who knew him. He possessed and exercised the cardinal virtues, took much joy from life, and con- tributed as much to the joy of others, and in his home was the kindest, most devoted husband and father. Ap- preciation of his. life and tributes to his work and char- acter appeared numerously in the daily journals at the time of his death, and were recorded by Ac many or- ganizations with which he was identified. An editorial in a Pittsburgh newspaper said, in part:
Captain Hunt, besides being a soldier, was a busi- ness man of conspicuous ability. As the movlngr spirit in the Pittsburgh Reduction Company, he may be re- garded as the originator of the aluminum industry, which has grrown to vAst proportions. He will be mourned here, at his home, by thousands of friends Who had- learned to appreciate him. and his memory will be honored wherever it is known. PIttsburgrh has suffered a great loss in his death in the prime of his mature manhood.
HARRY SCOVAL BRICKELL— The place of Harry S. Brickell in Pittsburgh annals is that of a man of unusual talents who found a definite and constructive method for their application to the service of hb fdlow- men. He was known and loved for his distmctive qual- ities and personality which, while causing him to stand
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out from his fellows, at die same time drew them, par- adoxical as it seems, close to him, for he was devoted to his friends. Learned, able, idealistic, sincere, always oatural and ever upright in all relations, his name is one that will long live in the memor>' of his many devoted friends and pupils.
Harry Scoval Brickell was a son of Capt. Zachariah and lone (Flannigan) Brickell, bom May 18, 1869, in Pittsburgh, his father a pioneer river captain of Ms region. His mother, lone (Flannigan) Brickell, was a daughter of Francis C Flannigan, the first district at- torney of AU^heny county. Harry Scoval Brickell at- tend^ school for a short time, and at an early age was attracted by the theatre, of which he made a close study, being a friend of many noted actors of the time. In young manhood he became impressed with the import- ance of proper physiological education, and determined to devote his life to assisting his fellowmen by develop- ing that science. With a view of fitting himself more fully for that work, he made a thorough study of anat- <Miiy, receiving in December, 1897, a diploma from the Pittsburgh School of Anatomy. It was in his knowledge of the living human organism that Mr. Brickell excelled. Opening an establishment for the promotion of phys- ical fitness, he introduced into his practice new ideas of physical training, without apparatus, and built up a large and influential clientele. He was a wide and diligent reader, his studies covering all subjects, and a well de- veloped interest in metaphysics and psychology brought him to trace the connection between physical healdi and well-being and mental development. He was a confirmed disci^e of the maxim that a sound mind and a sound body were inseparable, that mental disorders, causing irra- tional and improper conduct, were a reflection of lack of proper physical condition. He demonstrated that disease was to be treated, not by drugs and pills, but by a phy- siological education designed to meet the needs and re- quirements of the individual human body.
He had a large suite of offices in the Union Bank building, and among his clients were the leading busi- ness and professional men of Pittsburgh. His "Institute of Physical Fitness" was an institution of unique con- ception. Mr. Brickell became known as the father of physical training without apparatus, and his success in studying individual cases of physical imperfection and in supplying courses of exercise, original with him, to re- store body efficiency, gave him an international reputa- tion. Particularly was he successful in the treatment of nervous and run-down cases, for through his studies and his personal work he learned the intimate relation be- tween the body and the mind and how to accomplish the desired result His Institute was distinctive in that the cases treated were limited to a certain number each year, and his list of applicants contained names from wide distances, as far as Europe. He was an authority on anatomy, wrote many articles for professional jour- nals, and had planned in the near future to devote his entire time to writing, in order to let die scientific world learn the wonderful results to be accomplished by his methods and to instruct others as fully as possible how to apply the principles he developed.
Good health in the making may be said to have been
the work of Mr. Brickell. The average man or woman considers good health to be a matter of being able to get about without pain, whereas Mr. Brickell was convinced that good healdi was nothing of the kind. He believed that before any person could be said to enjoy good health he must be 100 per cent efficient, and that anything less than this meant a loss of ability, enjoyment and happiness. Such 100 per cent efficiency was to be obtained, not by purchasing the same at so much per bottle or tablet, but only by being striven after and gradually won by honest effort The needs and requirements of each human sys- tem had to be individually studied, and a course of physiological exercises prescribed for die peculiar con- dition of any one particular person, for the body of any one person differs from that of all others, just as his physiognomy is unlike that of any other person. The ex- ercises prescribed had to be performed as directed, as it was impossible to accomplish any miracle, the results desired were only to be achieved by faithful and accurate application of the work prescribed, and in no other way. It was necessary to give a physiological education of al- most unlimited variety, and of as yet untested possibil- ities. Inasmuch as his method produced remarkable and astonishing personal efficiency, it is perhaps unnecessary to add that it cured or corrected so-called incurable dis- eases and physical imperfections, as is testified to by the many surprising and amazing results which Mr. Brickdl achieved with his fellow workers, which have astounded many members of the medical profession. Mr. Brickell demonstrated that the possibilities of a proper physio- logical education were virtually unknown, and that such an education was of far greater utility and possibility dian any known to scientists before he performed his great work.
Mr. Brickell was a member of St John's Lodge, No. 219, Free and Accepted Masons; Duquesne Chapter, No. 192, Royal Arch Masons; Pittsburgh G>mmandery, No. I, Knights Templar; and was also a member of Syria Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He was a director of the Parting of the Ways Home, and a member of Trinity Episcopal Church. He was also associated widi the Lincoln Farm Association, the Luther Burbank Society, and the National Geo- graphic Society. He was an organizer and ardent mem- ber of the organization called "The Flying Squadron," composed of theatrical and newspaper men, which flour- ished in Pittsburgh ten years before his deadi. His clubs were the Pittsburgh Automobile and Pittsburgh Field, and he was also a member of the Pittsburgh Athletic As- sociation. The time that was free from his business he spent largely in his home. He was a lover of music, composed pieces of merit, and was a proficient performer upon the harp and several other string instruments. His tastes in literature were as cultured as his appreciation, and he found great pleasure in collecting rare editions and beautiful bindings, and in literary circles he was known as a connoisseur of the best of early and modem works. His range of intellectual exercise was wide, he was an omnivorous reader, and a devotee of the works of nature and of man alike.
Mr. Brickell married Emma D. Hogue, daughter of William Henderson and Esther (McKelvey) Hogue, her
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father a farmer of Ohio. Children : Harry Scoval» Jr., Addison Courtney, and Kadierine Enuna, all attending Pittsburgh schools. Harry Scoval Brickell died in Pitts- burgh, May 24, 1919.
THOMAS STEPHEN BROWN— Prominent among those members of the Pittsburgh bar, who have for more than a quarter of a century maintained its ancient pres- tige, is Thomas Stei^ien Brown, of the well known firm of Brown, Stewart & Bostwick. Mr. Brown is a repre- sentative of one of the oldest families of New England, notable in the Revolutionary period of our history, and later, of honorable record in the annals of Virgfinia.
(I) John Brown, founder of the American branch of the family, was bom in 1600 in England, and baptized Oct II, 1601, at the parish house of Hawkedon« In 1632 he emigrated to Massachusetts, landing in Boston from the ship "Lion," on Sept i6th of that year. John Brown died at Boston, in June, 1636, leaving diree chil- dren: John, mentioned below; Hannah, and Mary.
(II) John (2) Brown, son of John (i) Brown, was bom in 1631, in England, and was brought as an infant to Massachusetts. He married, April 24, 1655, Hester Makepeace, and of their twelve children the youngest was Joseph, mentioned below. John Brown resided at Bos- ton, Falmouth and Watertown.
(III) Joseph Brown, son of John (2) and Hester (Makepeace) Brown, was bom in 1677, presumably at Watertown, Mass., and owned at that place, 'Weston Farms," which he sold in 1709, moving to Lexington, where he and his family resided during the remainder of his life. He followed the trade of a cordwainer, and held ofiices of deacon, selectman, town clerk and con- stable. Joseph Brown married, Nov. 15, 1699, at Water- town, Ruhama, daughter of Benjamin Wellington, and of the nine children bom to them, the eightii was Benja- min, mentioned below. Joseph Brown died Jan. 11, 1766, and his widow passed away July i, 1772.
(IV) Benjamin Brown, son of Joseph and Ruhama (Wellington) Brown, was bom July 3, 1720, at Lexing- ton, and was deacon of the church at that place. He married, at Lexington, Sarah, daughter of William Reed, Jr., and they became the parents of ten children, of whom the fifth was Oliver, mentioned below. The death of Benjamin Brown occurred March 4, 1802.
(V) Oliver Brown, son of Benjamin and Sarah (Reed) Brown, was bom June 25, 1753, at Lexington, Mass., and served in the patriot army of the Revolution. He was present at the **Boston Tea-Party," and partk- ipated in the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. On Jan. 16, 1776, he was commissioned captain-lieutenant of artillery. He took part in the battles of White Plains, Harlem Heights, Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Ckr- mantown and Monmouth, and in other engagements. In 1790 he migrated to the Ohio valley, settling at Hollidays (iove, Va., now W. Va., later removing to Wellsburg. He was for many years inspector of flour. Captain Brown married, in 1776, Abigail Richardson, bom May I, 1756, at Watertown, Mass., daughter of Edward and Abigail (Chinery) Richardson. Edward Richardson was an innkeeper. Captain Brown and his wife were the parents of the following children : Abigail ; John ; Sarah ;
Danforth; Catharine; William; Oliver, mentioned be- low; (jeorge; James; Richard; and Elizabeth. Of these, seven were bora in Massachusetts, and four in Virginia. The mother of these children passed away at Wellsburg, Va., now W. Va., and her husband survived her nearly half a century, dying at die same place, Feb. 17, 1846.
(VI) Oliver (2) Brown, son of Oliver (i) and Abi- gail (Richardson) Brown, was bom July 4, 1789, at Cambridge, Mass., and was one year old when the fam- ily moved from the Old Bay State to Virginia, his mother making the journey on horsd>ack and carrying him with her. Oliver Brown was educated in private schools of HoUklays Cove and Wellsburg, and became one of the earliest woolen manufacturers in the Ohio valley, owning and operating a factory at Hollidays Cx>ve in 1830, and for twenty-five years thereafter. He was also the owner of a grist-mill and Saw-mill in the same vicinity, and conducted a general store. In 1816 he purchased a farm from the estate of his brother-in-law, Robert Colwell, and this property is now in the possession of his grand- children, Thomas Stephen Brown and Anne Cx>lwell Lee. In politics Mr. Brown was first a Whig, and later a Republican. He was a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Brown married, in 1812, Anne Colwell, sister of Robert and Stephen Colwell, bodi of whom mar- ried sisters of Mr. Brown, and resided in the same vicin- ity. Mr. and Mrs. Brown had the following children: Elizabeth, bom Dec 8, 1813, married John Williams, and died in 1902 ; William, mentioned below ; Robert C, bom Dec. 25, 1818, married Ann Nid, and died Nov. 4, 1914; Julia A., bom June 27, 1821, died Dec. 22, 1851 ; Sarah, bom May 25, 1824, died April 13, 1867; and Martfia, bom March 28, 1827, married R. H. Brown, and died in October, 1863. On Sept 22, 1834, the mother of the fam- ily passed away at Hollidays Cove, and the death of the father occurred at the same place, March 27, i88a
(VII) William Brown, son of Oliver (2) and Anne (Colwell) Brown, was bora March 22, 1816, at Holli- days Cove, Va. (now W. Va.), and in early life trav- eled extensively, going to (Zaliforaia in 1849 as one of the "argonauts." In 1852 he returaed to Virginia, and passed the remainder of his life as a merchant and farmer. He was an elder of Ae Cove Presbyterian Church. Mr. Brown married, March 13, 1853, Margaret, daughter of Thomas Orr, of Hollidays Cove, and their children were : Oliver, bom June 6, 1854, died Sept. 23, 1855 ; Thomas Stephen, mentioned below ; Anne Colwell, bom April 15, 1857, married, March 7, 1882, Albert G. Lee, who died Mardi 15, 1904; Norman, bom Nov. 12, 1858, died March 4, 1864; and Mary Stephens, bora May 12, 1862, died Sept 23, 1911. Mr. Brown was a stockholder in various institutions of the neighborhood and held a number of local offices. At tiie time of the Civil War, though too much advanced in years for active service, he enlisted in the Home Guards of West Vir- ginia, a body which was called out two or three times for brief periods. Mrs. Brown, who was bora Feb. 21, 1821, passed away March 4, 1891. She was a grand- daughter of John Orr who came, before the close of the Revolutionary War, from the Cumberland Valley, Pa., to the Ohio Vall^, where his descendants have resided ever since. Mrs. Brown's mother was Mary Stephens.
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Mr. Brown sarvived until Oct 14, 1906, Ihring, like most of his family, to an advanced age.
(VIII) Thomas Stephen Brown, son of William and Margaret (Orr) Brown, was bom Nov. 23, 1855, at Hoi- lidays Cove, Va. (now W. Va.), and received his ear- liest educatioo in private schools of the neighborhood, afterward attending an academy at New Hagerstown, Ohio, and then entering Washington and Jefferson Col- lege. From this institution he graduated in 1Q77 with the degree of Bachdor of Arts, and then, having made dioice of a profession, devoted the ensuing two jrears to the study of law under the guidance of Judge John H. Miner, of Steubenville, Ohio. He then studied for a time with George W. Caldwell, of Wellsburg, W. Va., and in i^ was admitted to the bar of that State. About the same time he received from his Alma MaUr the de- gree of Master of Arts.
After practicing two years in West Virginia, Mr. Brown came in 1881 to Pittsburgh, and formed a part- nership with William G. Stewart, which has been main- tained without interruption to the present day. The firm, which is of high standing, has a general civil practice in aU courts. Mr. Brown has been a member of the Penn- sylvania State Board of Law Examiners since its for- mation in 1903.
The political principles of Mr. Brown are those ad- irocated by the Republican party, and he possesses a full share of the public spirit for which hb family has al- ways been noted. He is a mend)er of the board of trus- tees of the Pittsburgh Free Dispensary; a director of the Oakland Board of Trade ; is president of the Academy of Science and Art of Pittsburgh; a member of Western Pennsylvania Historical Society, and the Western Penn- sylvania Botanical Society. He is a past president of the Penn^lvania Society of the Sons of the American Revo- lution, and belongs to the University Qub, and to the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. For over twelve years he has been an elder in the Bellefield Presbyterian Church.
Mr. Brown married, Oct 21, 1891, Sydney Ott Heis- kell, and they are the parents of a son and a daughter: Oliver Wdlington, bom Oct. 3, 1893, attended Pittsburgh sdioob and Shadyside Academy, then the Washington and Jefferson College, graduating with the class of 1916, is now a member of the Allegheny County bar ; and Ma- tilda Heiskell, bom Nov. 23, 1895, attended Pittsburgh schools, graduated from Winchester School, and from Vassar College, with class of 1919.
The annals of Massachusetts and Virginia contain the records of Mr. Brown's ancestors— ^latriots all, and good citizens. His own record, worthy to supplement theirs, belongs to the "Keystone State" as that of an honorable and successful lawyer of the great dty of Pittsburgh.
AARON FRENCH— A man of singularly strong personality which exerted a powerful influence on his subordinates and all about him was to be found in the person of the late Aaron French, organizer and presi- dent of the A. French Spring Company, of Pittsburgh. He found ^e happiness of his life in the success of his work, and in the company which he organized he has raised for himself a magnificent testimonial to his busi- ness enterprise and determination. It is rare to find a
work of this scope and importance practically the result of a single directing intelligence. His business judg- ment was sound and clear, and he was possessed of an amotmt of foresight which enabled him to develop his business interests to the very best advantage.
Aaron French, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, resided in Massachusetts.
Philo French, son of Aaron French, was bom in West Springfield, Mass., in 1795, and died in October, 1823, at the early age of twenty-eight years. After acquiring a reasonably good education for the time at the public schools, he became associated with his father in the manufacture of powder, but the mill in which they were financially interested having been wrecked by an ex- plosion in 1 81 7, they removed to that part of Ohio known as the Western Reserve of Connecticut, and made their home at Wadsworth. They were pioneer settlers in that district, the only roadways leading to the settle- ment being those which had been blazed by the resi- dents. Mr. French acquired a sufficient amount of property here, which he cleared for cultivation of the home supplies, and his position as traveling agent for a powder house in the East added materially to his income. He married Mary, a daughter and youngest child of William Mclntyre, a Highland Scotchman. Mrs. French had thirteen sisters and brothers, all of whom attained an age of seventy-five years and upward, she herself living to be ninety-one years of age, her death occurring in 1877. She married (second) Daniel Steams, of Ohio, by whom she had seven children: John M. and Lucy, twins; William L., David £., Frank N., Daniel M., Charles L. The children by her first husband were: Philo, bom Feb. 22, 1819; Henry, who died at the age of twenty-seven years; and Aaron, of whom further.
Aaron French, youngest child of Philo and Mary (Mclntyre) French, was bora in Wadsworth, Medina county, Ohio, March 23, 1823. His school attendance was limited, as he was obliged to begin the practical and active work of aiding in his support at the early age of twelve years. His first employment was as as- sbtant in farm labors, and the following year he was apprenticed to learn the blacksmith's trade. It had always been a matter of keen regret to him that he could not attend school for a longer period of time, but he tried tiiroughout his life to supply this deficiency, and succeeded far beyond his expectations. Two years were spent in the employ of the Ohio Stage Company, at (Heveland, Ohio; one year with the Guyosa House, in Memphis, Tenn., and he was then for a time a Western agent for the American Fur Company. These ¥ridely diversified lines of business gave him an insight into business conditions which was invaluable in his later career. When he was twenty years of age he became a student at the Archie Mc(^egor Academy at Wads- worth, Ohio, and pursued a course of one year's dura- tion. He left this institution in the fall of 1844, cast his vote for Henry Clay, for president, and went to the South after the election. The following year found him in St Louis, Mo., and later his services were engaged by Peter Young, in Carlyle, Qinton county, 111., in the ' manufacture of wagons. While thus engaged he was stricken with a severe attack of chills and fever which
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kept him confined to a bed of sickness for almost four months, and after returning to Ohio with his brother, he was incapacitated for work which required any de- gree of activity for about four years. While his body was of necessity comparatively inactive, the mind of Mr. French was storing itself with a mass of knowl- edge which fitted him later in life to bear with honor the enormous interests and responsibilities which de- veloped upon him. When he resumed his active busi- ness career he accepted a position which had been offered him by the Cleveland, Columbus & Lake Shore Railroad Company, at Cleveland, Ohio, and one of his first works was the erection of the iron structure neces- sary for the Painesville bridge. His connection with this company was uninterrupted until his return to Norwalk, Ohio, in 1854. The cholera epidemic of that year laid low numerous victims, and Mr. French was the only man who was able to work throughout this dreadful season, his employment being in a blacksmith shop. The following year he was given charge of the blacksmith department of the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad at Wellsville, in which capacity he displayed decided executive ability. He was offered and accepted the position of superintendent of the Racine & Mis- sissippi railroad, at Racine, Wis., and during a part of the time he was with this company he acted in the capacity of master mechanic.
At the outbreak of the Civil War he was one of the first to offer his services in defense of the rights of the Union, but because of physical disability he was not accepted The public affairs of the community in which he resided occupied a large share of his time, and he was devoted to its interests. This was recognized by his election to the office of sheriff of Racine county. Wis., in 1862, to fill a term of two years' duration. Before his term of office had expired he associated himself with Calvin Wells in the manufacture of car springs in Pittsburgh, under the firm name of the A. French Spring Company, which has since that time become Known the world over. Their manufacture was com- menced opposite the Union Depot, their floor space being forty by one hundred feet, and with only about ten men in their employ. From this comparatively small beginning has grown the enormous plant of the present day. At first they manufactured only the elliptic spring of the Hazen patent, but at the end of four years the demand for their output had increased so enormously that they were compelled to erect larger quarters, and the portion now known as No. i was erected. They now employ about four hundred and fifty men, and manufacture all kinds of elliptic and spiral springs for use in locomotives, passenger and street cars, automo- biles, etc. Their output is sent to all parts of the world, Europe making a particularly strong demand for it. This is the largest plant of its kind in the world and the buildings cover two blocks bounded by Nineteenth and Twenty-first streets, and another on Smallman street, between Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth streets. In all these enormous interests the figure of Mr. French dominated. His was the hand in which all the threads from the numerous departments were gathered and twisted into one harmonious and perfect whole. His was in truth a master mind. Shortly before his death
his company was merged with the Railway Steel Spring Company, and he was the first chairman of its board. As a member of the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce his opinions were listened to with interest and never failed of having the effect he intended they should have. He had the interests of the Republican party truly at heart and gave it his staunch support His religious affiliations were with the Calvary Episcopal Church of Pittsburgh, in which his wife was an active worker. He was a member of numerous organizations, some of which were: Racine Lodge, No. 18, Free and Accepted Masons, of Racine; past master of St John's Lodge, of Pittsburgh; member of Zerubbabel Chapter, of Pitts- burgh, and past high priest of the Grand Chapter of Wisconsin; also of Tancred Commandery, Knights Templar, of Pittsburgh; Duquesne Club, of Pittsburgh.
Mr. French married (first), in 1848, Euphrasia Ter- rill, of Liverpool, Medina county, Ohio, who died in 1871. They had children: Lucie, married Carl Retter; Ida, deceased, married William Phillips; Clara, mar- ried Charles Kaufman, of Lancaster, Pa.; Philo Nelson, a sketch of whom follows. Mr. French married (sec- ond) Caroline B. Skeer, of Chicago, and they had one child, Mary A., who died at the age of eighteen years.
Of Mr. French it may truly be said that his life was a happy illustration of the honors and rewards of per- severance, ambition and indefatigable energy. Con- sistency was one of his chief characteristics; and his methods of business, while progressive, were tempered with a certain amount of conservatism which made them immune against trivial fluctuations in the outside world. He was personally interested in numerous charitable enterprises, and his private benefactions were unnumbered.
PHILO NELSON FRENCH— Now practically re- tired from active participation in the affairs of the corporation he helped to create, Philo Nelson French, of Pittsburgh, Pa., reviews with satisfaction the part he has played in the upbuilding of the commercial in- terests of the city of which he has been a resident for fifty-nine years, 1 862-1921. His association with his honored father, in A. French Spring Company, is per- haps the period which pleases him most to recall, for there was in that association not alone the personal feeling of affection which existed between these two strong men, but the feeling that together they were achieving a success which meant much for themselves, for the city of their adoption, and for posterity. The monument they erected in the great plant, which has passed out of the French name, endures however, and, as a part of the Railway Steel Spring Company is an important factor in Pittsburgh's industrial world.
Philo Nelson French, only son of Aaron and Euphra- sia (Terrill) French, was bom in Racine, Wis., Jan. 26, i860, but when two years of age was brought to Pittsburgh, by his parents, and here has since resided. He was educated in the city public schools, Greylock Institute, South WilHamstown, Mass., and Lehigh Uni- versity, his course at the last-named institution ending with his freshman year. He then embarked upon a practical course of business activity, beginning with a period of three years' employment with Mcintosh,
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Hemphill & Company, manufacturers, his position being in their designing room. After leaving that company, he entered the employ of A. French Spring Company, a corporation manufacturing car, locomotive and other heavy springs, the partnership consisting of Aaron French and Calvin Wells. In 1884 Mr. Wells withdrew, but father and son continued. Until i887i Philo N. French was in the office and in charge of machinery, but in that year he was made general superintendent, in charge of the immense plant of the company, which was the largest of its kind in the world. The plant of the company expanded until it covered the two blocks bounded by Nineteenth and Twentieth streets, and a second plant was on Smallman street, between Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth streets.
There were at times four hundred and fifty men em- ployed in the works, and all kinds of heavy elliptic and spiral springs were made, principally for locomotives, passenger cars, street railway cars and automobiles. Over these men, Mr. French was in conti'ol for many years, and labor troubles were rare under his fair and just reign. Just before the death of Aaron French, A. French Spring Company merged with the Railway Steel Spring Company, and the French control passed. Philo N. French was a director of the Canton Steel Company, and in addition to his duties as general superintendent of A. French Spring Company, was a member of its board of directors. His business cares have been largly surrendered, although as consultant and adviser he is much sought for.
In the Masonic order, Mr. French holds all degrees of the York and Scottish Rites which the bodies can confer. He is a Master Mason of Lodge Forty-five, a companion of Zerubbabel Chapter, a sir knight of Tancred Commandery, a noble of Syria Temple, and in the Scottish Rite has attained the thirty-second de- gree of Pittsburgh Consistory. His club is the Du- quesne, his religious preference, the Episcopal church, and in politics a Republican.
Mr. French married, Jan. 11, 1887, May Elizabeth Dabbs, of Pittsburgh, and they are the parents of a daughter. May Elizabeth (2), now wife of Dr. George W. Stimson, an ear, nose and throat specialist of Pitts- burgh, who served one year in the United States Medi- cal Corps, during the war with Germany. The only son of Philo N. and May Elizabeth (Dabbs) French, Aaron (3) French, served as lieutenant in the 8ioth Pioneers of the United States army.
The family home is in Pembroke place, Pittsburgh, East End, and is the abode of an open-handed hospi- tality where gather congenial spirits, the host and hostess being very popular. Mr. French reviews his career from the heights of success, and feels that the difficulties encountered but built up a force and deter- mination of character which better fitted him to enjoy that which he earned.
CHARLES E. CORRIGAN— From pioneer achieve- ments in the development of the electric automobile Charles E. Corrigan turned to other activities in electric manufacturing, and since 1907 he has been associated with Pittsburgh interests as vice-president of the National Metal Molding Company. His reputa-
tion as an organizer and industrialist is national, and he has received international honors for his accomplish- ments in the electrical field. Now permanently identified with Pittsburgh interests, he has distinguished place in her annals.
Mr. Corrigan is a son of John and Charlotte (Hef- fernan) Corrigan, and grandson of James and Bridget (Hughes) Corrigan, his grandparents natives of Ireland, who came to the United States in 1834. John Cx>rrigan, his father, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, June 24, 1831, and came to the United States with his parents as a child of three years. He became a dealer in live stock in New York and Canada, was later an agricul- turist, and as a Democrat, held public offices in Lewis county, N. Y. His wife, Charlotte (Heffeman) Cor- rigan, was a daughter of James and Helen Heffeman^ of Martinsburgh, N. Y. Their children were: James^ deceased; Charles E., of whom further; (jertrude and Cxeorge, residents of (^icago, 111.; and Vincent, of Pittsburgh.
Charles E. Corrigan was born in Martinsburgh, Lewis county, N. Y., Aug. 29, 1863, and after attending the public schools became a student in Lowville Acad- emy, whence he was graduated in 1883. His first business association was with seedsmen of Minneapolis, Minn., and after a short time in this connection he took up pioneer work in the production of electric automobiles. His work was noteworthy in a history-making degree, and constant success attended his efforts. His work began in Chicago, 111., about 1892, and he issued the first automobile catalogue distributed by an American manufacturer. He became president and general man- ager of the American Electric Vehicle Company, and at the World's Fair in Paris, France, in 1900, Mr. Corrigan received from the Republic of France a gold medal in recognition of his work. Just before 1900 he moved his plant from Chicago to Hoboken, N. J., and was there located during the remainder of his continu- ance in automobile manufacture. In this day when automobiles, gasoline and electric driven, congest metropolitan streets to a degree that raises serious question as to future traffic routes, and when every country road is dotted with hundreds of tourists, it is interesting to note that in 1896 Mr. Corrigan received from the Weist Chicago park commissioners a permit ''to pass over the boulevard and through parks with his vehicle by electricity," and that in 1900 the Depart- ment of Parks of the City of New York granted him permission ''to enter upon and pass over the drives of the Central Park with an electric pleasure carriage.'^
In 1901, Mr. Corrigan sold his automobile manu- facturing holdings and engaged in the manufacture of electrical conduits, organizing the Osbom Flexible Conduit Company of New York. In 1907, Mr. Cor- rigan came to Pittsburgh and his organization merged with the National Metal Molding Company, the largest concern of its character in the world, of which he became vice-president. He has devoted himself almost exclusively to the demands of this important industrial interest, and the flourishing prosperity that it has experienced throughout all of it)s existence has been largely due to his rare executive ability and wise guidance. Mr. Corrigan is one of the foremost figures
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in the electrical manufacturing world today, and throughout the United States his reputation for pro- gressiveness and original thought is widely known.
In political belief Mr. Corrigan is a Republican, and although public office is outside of his province, his influence and support are always upon the side of forward-looking, efficient government. He is a member of the Electrical Manufacturers* Club and the Asso- ciated Manufacturers of Electrical Supplies of New York, and the New York Electrical Society. • His clubs arc: The Duquesne, Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh Country, Americus Republican, the Old Colony, being a member of the National Advisory Board of the latter, and the Au Sable Trout and Game, of which last named organization he is president. He is also a member and vice-president of the Civic Club of Allegheny county, and a member of the Pittsburgh Athletic Asso- ciation. In religious faith he is a Roman Catholic, being a member of the Sacred Heart Church. To Mr. Corrigan has fallen the lot of leadership in important enterprises, and the success of the projects with which he has been connected has lain in the willing cooperation he has been able to secure from his scientific and indus- trial colleagues. He is a highly regarded and generally well liked member of the Pittsburgh business fraternity.
Mr. Corrigan married, in Chicago, 111., Feb. 6, 1895; Alice Melita Potwin, daughter of Henry and Annie (Smith) Potwin, of that city. Mrs. Corrigan is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, interested in philanthropic and charitable work in the city, and a member of several women's clubs, including the Tuesday Musical Club. Mr. and Mrs. Corrigan are the parents of: i. Ruth Frances, bom July 6, 1896; educated in the Pittsburgh schools, Ursuline Academy of Pittsburgh, and Marymount Academy of Tarry town, N. Y., being graduated from the last named school in the class of 191 5; married Walter Gordon Frauen- heim. 2. John Potwin, bom Jan. 11, 1898; pursued preparatory studies at Mount St Mary's College, Em- mitsburg, Md., and East Liberty Academy, Pittsburgh, and then matriculated at Comell University. On April 7, 1917, the day following the entry of the United States into the World War, he enlisted as a seaman in the United States navy at Newport, R. I. Later he was commissioned ensign, and served on the U. S. S. "Saranac," attached to the mine laying division, "suicide fleet," in the North Sea. This division accom- plished work that by many naval authorities was deemed impossible, and its value in almost stopping enemy operations equalled that of any other single achievement of the war. Ensign Corrigan won high commendation from his superior officers for his de- votion to duty, and was discharged from the service in February, 1919. He immediately resumed his work at Comell University and was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1920. He took a leading part in college activities, and prior to his enlistment, while in his jtmior year, was manager of the varsity baseball team, and upon his retum from the service was elected manager of the "Masque." In 1920 he was nominated by the faculty of Cornell University to represent Pennsylvania in Rhodes Scholarship compe- tition. He is still retained on the officers' reserve list
of the United States navy, and is now associated with the National Metal Molding Company. 3. Mary Alice, born Dec. 19, 1899, now (1920) attending the Brownson School of New York City. 4. Charles E., Jr., bora Nov. 3, 1901, a graduate of Shadyside Academy, Pitts- burgh, class of 1920, and now a student in Tulane Uni- versity, New Orleans, La. 5. Francis Hughes, bom Feb. 21, 1907.
A. LEO WEIL— The future of Pittsburgh is in the hands not of her industrial leaders and potentates alone, but also in those of the men who are working for her civic improvement and moral betterment and who ad- minister her laws. Her standing in the years to come depends largely on the strides she makes along civic and social lines, and on the evenhanded justice she deals out to all her citizens without discrimination of rank, fortune or social standing, and for advancement along these lines she looks with confidence to such men as A. Leo Weil, senior member of the law firm of Weil, Christy & Weil, and one of the most prominent civic workers as well as one of the most prominent and aggressive attomeys now practicing at the bar of the Iron City. For about thirty-five years Mr. Weil has been a resident of Pittsburgh, and is conspicuous as one of her most prominent lawyers, as well as one of the most civic-spirited men to be found within her limits, prominently associated with all her most vital interests.
A. Leo Weil was bom July 19, 1858, in Keysvtlle, Charlotte county, Va., a son of Isaac L. and Minna (Weil) Weil, the former having been for several years established in business in the South. The ancestors of A. Leo Weil were natives of Bavaria, Germany. The boy received his elementary education in the log cabin schoolhouses of Virginia fame^ in the old-fashioned boarding schools of Virginia, and in the high school of Titusville, Pa., to which city his parents removed from Virginia. He attended the academic and law depart- ments of the University of Virginia, and in 1879 was admitted to the bar of Virginia, then of Ohio, and next of Pennsylvania, in 1880.
From 1880 to 1887 Mr. Weil practiced in Bradford, Pa., achieving more than usual success, but in the latter year a desire for the larger opportunities of a wider field led him to remove to Pittsburgh, where he has since continuously remained, building up an extensive and lucrative practice. His marked ability, combined with devotion to duty, soon brought him into prominence and he became the legal representative of large inter- ests, making a specialty of corporation law. Strong in reasoning and forceful in argument, he possesses that legal instinct which makes its way quickly through immaterial details to the essential points upon which the determination of a cause must turn, and he com- bines with his other qualifications much of the magnetic force of the orator. Into every cause intrusted to him he throws the whole force of his personality, learning, skill and experience, allowing none of the many interests committed to his care to suffer for want of close and able attention and industry.
In all that concems the city's welfare, Mr. Weil's interest is deep and sincere, and wherever substantial
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aid will further public progress it is freely given. Brilliant, stalwart, with keen resentment of wrong, and of wide and ripe experience, he has been identified with Pittsburgh's most important civic movements, and is one of the men who are consulted on all matters and questions of public moment From 1905 to the present time he has been president of the Voters' League, and was largely instrumental in bringing about the well- remembered graft disclosures, in purif3ring the official life and removing the vice conditions of Pittsburgh. Among the other most notable achievements of the Voters' League under the direction of Mr. Weil may be mentioned the following: The saving of Grant boulevard from occupation by street railways, and thus preserving that magnificent driveway to the city; the disclosures of the graft conditions in councils and the consequent change of those conditions so that ever since there has not been even a suspicion of corruption; the disclosures of the corrupt management of a large number of school boards in the many school districts, and the consequent enactment of a school code placing the management of the public schools under one body of directors, which has given to Pittsburgh one of the most efficient and satisfactory public school systems in the country; the passage of a civil service law placing all dty employees under civil service; the adoption of new charters for Pittsburgh substituting a council of nine, elected at large on a non-partisan ballot, for the unwieldy and irresponsible bicameral council (select and common) of a large number elected from wards on party tickets and responsible only to the ''machine;" and to these might be added many other reforms and ad- vances along the line of civic betterment, due largely to the activities of the league under the personal direc- tion of its president. Mr. Weil belongs to the National Municipal League, and the National Civil Service Association, and many other national organizations, civil; educational, and philanthropic In the charitable and benevolent institutions of his adopted city, he takes an active interest and is ever ready to respond to any deserving call made on him. He is a member of the American Jewish Committee, the American Bar Asso- ciation, the Pennsylvania Bar Association, and the Westmoreland Country and Pittsburgh Athletic clubs, and the City Club of New York.
On the countenance of Mr.« Weil are strongly de- picted that will power, fidelity and tenacity of purpose which throughout his career have been so strikingly manifested. Of deep convictions and great force of character, he belongs to that class of men who wield a power which is all the more persuasive and dominat- ing from the fact that it is moral rather than political and is exercised for the public weal rather than for personal ends. His tastes and temperament would alike incline him to shun publicity, but his rare ability in achieving results causes him to be constantly sought and often brings him into a prominence from which he would naturally shrink were less desirable ends in view. Dignified and courteous on all occasions, his genial personality has drawn around him a large circle of warmly attached friends.
Mr. Weil married, April 11, 1883, Cassie Ritter, daughter of Ferdinand and Minnie Ritter, of Youngs-
town, Ohio, and they are the parents of three children: I. Aimee Leona, married to Julian H. Stein, of Mil- waukee, Wis. 2. Ferdinand T., aged thirty-one, who is a graduate of Princeton, class of 191 3, and who took a law course in the University of Pittsburgh; he is now associated with his father in the practice of hb profession. 3. A Leo, Jr., graduated at Princeton University, class of 1917. Both of Mr. Weil's sons volunteered in the navy when the United States entered the war and received commissions as ensigns before they were discharged from the service at the end of the war. The Weil family are active socially, and their beautiful home in the East End is one of the social centers of the city. Mrs. Weil, as well as her husband, takes an active part in the philanthropic and civic activities of the community.
Although not a native of Pittsburgh, Mr. Weil has shown himself in all phases of his career to be an incarnation of her spirit Both at the bar and in the civic arena he has been a leader of force and magnetism. Nor can the phrase ''has been" be applied to him in any sense which implies limitation. With a man of his type the past is a warrant for the future, and the record of A. Leo Weil, rich in achievement as it is, gives abun- dant assurance of gn'^ter things to come.
JESSE WAGER WALKER— Dean of Western Pennsylvania engineers and industrialists, Jesse W. Walker still carries a weight of executive responsibility and business interests that would test the strength and capacity of most able men many years his junior. For nearly sixty years he has held a position of prominence in his profession, his work of past, present, and future value — future not alone because of the physically endur- ing quality of his vast construction operations in iron and steel, but because of the influence he has exerted upon a large number of young men who have come under his instruction and guidance and who have bene- fited by his example, advice, and aid, reaching place of wide service and usefulness. The following para- graphs show Mr. Walker's record as one equalled by few in point of continuous activity and merit of ac- complishment
Mr. Walker is a descendant in the seventh generation from the Welsh ancestor who settled in the seventeenth century at Rehobeth Farm, Chester county, Pa., a territory in which members of the family have long been prosperous farmers. He is a son of Havard and Martha (Potts) Walker, his mother a member of a well known family of Eastern Pennsylvania and a descendant of Zebulon Potts, one of General Washing- ton's Revolutionary scouts.
Jesse Wager Walker was bom on a farm near Valley Forge, Pa., July 24, 1842, and after attending the dis- trict schools, entered the Polytechnic College of the State of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia, whence he was graduated in the class of 1863, with the degree of Bachelor of Civil Engineering. Until his twenty-first year he was his father's assistant on the home farm when not attending school. His first professional as- signment was in the engineering department of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, Pittsburgh division, of which Andrew Carnegie was then superintendent.
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His work was on maintenance of way until 1869, when he resigned to become resident engineer for the Key- stone Bridge Company. The following eleven years were spent in the building of bridges in every part of North America, structures in whose design, as well as construction, he played an important part In 1880 Mr. Walker left the Keystone Bridge Company to enter independent engineering and contracting opera- tions, becoming associated with James Hemphill, Albert H. Childs and other Pittsburgh business men in dis- mantling and disposing of the buildings qi the Centennial Exhibition held in Philadelphia in 1876. In 1883 he founded the ShiflFler Bridge Works, which he con- ducted as a personal enterprise until 1890, when in- corporation was made as the ShiflFler Bridge Company. Mr. Walker was the first president of this organization, which specialized in bridges and other structures for railroads, having the patronage of some of the largest railroad corporations in the United States, among which may be noted the Pennsylvania Railroad System, the Baltimore & Ohio, the Louisville & Nashville, the Chi- cago, Burlington & Quincy, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St Paul, and others. It executed an epoch-marking piece of work, an industrial achievement then without parallel. This was the manufacture, transportation and erection in Philadelphia of a great girder one hundred and twenty-five feet long and ten feet high, a part of the bridge designed to carry Allegheny avenue over the Richmond branch of the Philadelphia & Read- ing railway. Although this and other pioneer successes are credited to the company in this branch of work, the company concentrated largely on industrial construc- tion connected with the steel, tin plate, and allied in- dustries, and became known as the leading builders of steel manufacturing plants in the district. Mr. Walker is the acknowledged pioneer in steel mdustrial con- struction, and during his association with the Keystone Bridge Company, designed and built many of the structures of the vast Edgar Thompson plant of the Carnegie Steel Company, at that time the largest group of buildings in the world in which wood was entirely eliminated. In 1900, Mr. Walker sold the ShiflFler Bridge Company to the American Bridge Company, continuing his connection with the company for about one year as superintendent of all their works in the Pittsburgh district
In 1 90 1, Mr. Walker organized the Pittsburgh Con- struction Company, of which he was the first president, and again became an active factor in some of the most important engineering and construction work in the country. Among the leading contracts executed by this company was the building of the West Side Belt railway from Little Saw Mill Run to Bruce Station. Retiring from the presidency of the Pittsburgh Con- struction Company in 1920, Mr. Walker became chair- man of its board of directors, and in this ofldce exercises a determining influence upon its policy and aflFairs. Mr. Walker is also president of the Phoenix Portland Cement Company, of Philadelphia; chairman of the board of directors of the Duquesne Slag Products Company; and has extensive holdings in the Concrete Products Company of America. He is connected, through financial interest and advisory office, with many
other well known business and industrial organizations of the region, and his counsel is often sought in matters of unusual importance. Mr. Walker is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, and the Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania.
A feature of Mr. Walker's business life most worthy of notice is the care and attention he has given to the development of young men who have come into his organization, and to whom he has given opportunity for advancement and large success. Charles L. Mc- Kenzie, who is associated with Mr. Walker in his various enterprises as president of the Pittsburgh Con- struction Company, president of the Duquesne Slag^ Products Company, and president of the Concrete Products Company of America, came into the organiza- tion direct from Lehigh University, and is one of the young men in whose progress and success he takes special pride.
For more than thirty years Mr. Walker was a resi- dent of the Lawrenceville district of Pittsburgh, and for many years he has been a member of the Forty- third Street Presbyterian Church. Sabbath school and Bible work have long known him as an active par- ticipant, and he is a generous friend of the Pittsburgh Young Men's Christian Association. He is a member of the Duquesne Club, the Valley Forge Historical Society, and is a contributor to the work of the Amer- ican University in Cairo, Egypt Mr. Walker has traveled extensively in Europe and Africa, as well as throughout all parts of America, and his circle of friends, with its center in Pittsburgh, is a wide one.
Mr. Walker married, Jan. 9, 1872, Isabel Gregory Meeker, whose dez^th occurred Nov. 29, 1918, in her seventy-seventh year.
JOHN J. IVILLr— One of the influential men of the day in the coal business in Pittsburgh, Pa., is John J. IvilL B^inning at the bottom and working up to his present high position, he has become a factor in both the mining and retail branches of the coal industry.
Mr. Ivill is a son of William and Sarah Ivill. Wil- liam Ivill was for years mine foreman for the Mellon interests of Pittsburgh and vicinity, and always con- nected with the coal industry.
John J. Ivill started life in the mines when scarcely more than a child, and the greater part of his education was won through his own, unaided efforts. He first worked for Charles Armstrong, beginning on the first rung of the ladder and working up through all the departments and branches of the business. After ten years with Mr. Armstrong, the young man became associated with John H. Jones, taking charge of the retail end of the coal business. Mr. Ivill remained with this house for twenty-six )rears, serving in various capacities of a responsible executive nature.
In 191 5, with this long and valuable experience be- hind him, Mr. Ivill established himself in business, organizing the Ivill Coal Company, he being the presi- dent From the beginning he made a remarkable suc- cess of the undertaking. The company operates in mining, and has extensive interests in this direction, and also conducts a retail business in Pittsburgh. Mr. Ivill is in a position where he is taking forward rank
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in the trade, and is considered one of the big men in his line in Pittsburgh.
For die past ten years other interests have also taken up a share of Mr. Ivill's attention. He is interested in the Sawders Paving and Construction Company, and was for a time vice-president of the company. He is a stockholder in the Bankers' Trust Company, the Bertha Coal Company, and in the Consumers' Fuel Company, all Pittsburgh interests.
Mr. Ivill is a member of the Independent Americans, and of the Knights of the Golden Eagle. His religious faith leads him to worship with the Baptist church.
Mr. Ivill married, in Greenock, Pa., Christina Clap- rath, and they have five children: William C, Harry E., John, Viola, and Ann Agnes. William C. and Harry E. are associated with their father in business, and a review of their careers follow.
WILLIAM C. IVILL— As the younger generation enters the arena of business, the impulse of the new blood and fresh courage is felt all along the line. The Ivill Coal Company, of Pittsburgh, Pa., which is forg- ing so rapidly ahead in the mining and retail branches of die industry, is in the hands of father and son, both, since the earliest years of their careers, connected with the coal industry.
William C. Ivill, son of John J. and Christina (Clap- rath) Ivill (q. v.), was bom in Greenock, Pa., in 1881. He was educated in the public schools of this city, completing his studies at Masters' College. During this time, from eleven years of age, the boy assisted his father at the mines, and learned the coal business in all its branches. Becoming thoroughly familiar with all the problems of production, he was an able and practical executive when he took his present position in the offices of the company. Since their organization Mr. Ivill has stood side by side with his father, and with natural executive ability, he is now, in the prime of life, a force for progress along the line in which he is engaged. As secretary of the Ivill Coal Company, he stands high in the trade.
Mr. Ivill is a member of the Knights of Malta, in which he has taken a deep interest, and has passed dirough all the chairs. He is also a member of the Independent Americans, in which he has held all offices in turn.
Mr. Ivill married, in Pittsburgh, Pa., April 15, 1905, Edith E. Andrist, and they have one daughter, Cath- erine E. The members of the family are widely sought socially, and are prominent members of the Baptist church.
HARRY E. IVILL, second son of John J. and Christina (Claprath) Ivill (q. v.), was bom in Green- ock, Pa., April 19, 1885. He received his public school education in the city of Pittsburgh, and at the age of eighteen years was graduated *from the Iron City College. With this excellent educational equipment, and possessing business ability of a high order, the young man entered upon his career. He first became associated with the Pittsburgh & Buffalo Company, prominent retailers of coal, and remained with them for twelve years. The Ivill Coal Company was formed
in December, 1915, and Mr. Ivill united with his father and brother in the venture which is proving so marked a success. The company has extensive holdings in coal mine property, and conducts a big retail business in Pittsburgh. As treasurer and general manager of this business, Harry E. Ivill is demonstrating remarkable executive ability and is proving a vital force in the progress of the company. Mr. Ivill is a well known figure in the fraternal world, and is a member of the Independent Americans and of the Knights of Malta. On Aug. 9, 1906, Mr. Ivill married, in Youngstown, Ohio, Elizabeth Koehler, of that city, and they have seven children: John Henry, deceased; Harry, Robert, Margaret, Charles, Jack Pershing, Hellen Elizabeth.
ENOCH RAUH— As his associates and those who knew and loved him have never tired of recounting the worth and influence of Enoch Rauh in. the months that have elapsed since his passing from his accuistomed places, so with his biographer, for in his busy, useful life history, there arc many chapters on which one might long dwell with profit and pride in the achieve- ments of a fellow-citizen. Needing the example of a career of devoted, unselfish public service, it is found in his long term in the Pittsburgh Council; of a public benefactor, in his constant striving for the best good of all classes as a private citizen and a city official; of a business man of merited position, in his rise to fortune and prominence, and of a man faithful to the highest realization of home and family ties, in his tender love and solicitude for his immediate family and the grateful memory that prompted him to wear at all times a white carnation in honor of his revered mother. This is the t3rpe of man with whom this record is concerned, Enoch Rauh, the Pittsburgh citizen, whose life and work, enduring in the hearts of thousands of men and women, is further perpetuated . in these paragraphs.
Enoch Rauh was bom in Dubuque, Iowa, June 12, 1857, son of Solomon and Rosalie (Lippman) Rauh, his father a merchant of Pittsburgh, for many years a sup- porter, with his wife, of numerous local philanthropies, and a well known man. of affairs. Cincinnati, Ohio, became the family home in 1863, and here Enoch Rauh attended public schools. His studies were completed in the night schools of Pittsburgh, whither his family moved in 1872. He also completed a course in the Cutty Business College. His first business experience was as errand boy and wrapper in the employ of his uncles, Abraham Lippman and Louis I. Aaron, retail dry goods dealers on Market street, Pittsburgh.- He established in independent business operations on Feb. I, 1882, when the firm of Rauh Brothers & Company was organized, and for two years this company engaged in wholesale men's furnishings, on Wood street The rapid growth of this enterprise caused its location to be changed to the Arbuckle building on Liberty near Wood street, and a sustained policy of development caused another change in 1903, when the present loca- tion, No. 951 Penn avenue, was occupied. Mr. Rauh remained in the presidency of this strongly prosperous concern imtil his death, and directed its extensive trans- actions in business channels that were above question in integrity and fair dealing.
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In addition to his presidency of Rauh Brothers & Company, Mr. Rauh was identified with the Homer Laughlin China Company, of East Liverpool, Ohio. The example of a large and representative house such as his, transacting business on the plane that was con- sistently followed, always makes for a better business atmosphere in a city. Mr. Rauh brought the prestige thus gained into the organization of the Pittsburgh Association of Credit Men, served the association as president for six terms, and was generally credited with having made that organization one of the foremost of its kind in the United States. He was at one time vice- president of the National Association of Credit Men, and labored with tireless zeal to promote the welfare of these associations, stabilizers of business conditions and preventatives against loss.
While the story of his private business operations, successful and richly rewarded as they were, can be told in few words, that service in which he closely touched the lives and interests of every resident of his city would require large space for its full narration. When the Council of Nine was appointed in 191 1 by Gov. John K. Tener, in response to a pressing need of the dty for the reorganization of its legislative ma- chinery, Mr. Rauh was made a member of that most representative and able body, and at his death was the sole member of the original Council of Nine remaining in ofRce. The constructive achievements of the Council i|i the promotion of the public welfare will be felt for many years, regardless of the changes in the personnel of the body. A Pittsburgh periodical wrote as follows of his service in the Council: "Mr. Rauh contributed very greatly to the improvement which ensued. He brought to the public office dignity joined with good nature and affability; conscientiousness combined with liberality; business judgment whose soundness was the more conspicuous for the revelation of his adaptability to the necessities of legal restraints incident to his ap- plication of it to public problems. Through his contin- uance in the City Council by the will of the electorate, Mr. Rauh had opportunity which has fallen to no other to keep the municipal law-making body in concord with the fundamental principles that called forth the small council system. His career in city service is impres- sive of die great benefit which the public-spirited business man in ofHce may be." During his long coun- cilmanic term Mr. Rauh was characterized by his willingness to take up the banner of reform when he felt that there was a wrong to be righted or an un- worthy institution to be altered or abolished. He was the sponsor of the Rauh act that provided for the compensation of employees of the city for time lost through sickness or injury, and was a strong supporter of the movement that caused the abolition of the city's delinquent tax office and the collection of this money through another medium. The eight-hour day law, anti-child labor legislation, and a large number of other subjects of equal importance, were furthered through his steadfast loyalty to his convictions. Mr. Rauh fostered the movement for the establishment of regrular concerts in Pittsburgh parks, and advocated every possible advantage for the children of the city, recrea- tion centers, bathing pools, and playgrounds. His sym-
pathy and friendliness extended to all classes, and his aim was to make Pittsburgh a better, finer, happier place to live. Mayor Babcock, of Pittsburgh, in di- recting that the flags of the city buildings be placed at half-mast in Mr. Raulfs honor, issued tiiis state- ment: "It was with the greatest regret that I heard the report of the death of my esteemed and valued friend, Councilman Enoch Rauh. He was kindly by nature and ssrmpathetic to a degree. I had a close ac- quaintance with him, both before and during my official service with the city. I always found him keenly saga- cious and one of the best counselors and advisors it ever was my privilege to meet He always was think- ing first of the interests of the city of Pittsburgh, and every measure that ws^ introduced he viewed in the light of whether or not it was for the advancement of the city he loved so well. He will be greatly missed* not only by myself, but by the Council, the business men, the churches, the hospitals, and the many thou- sands whom he helped in his quiet, sincere way. It will t>e an exceedingly difficult task to fill his place."
One of Mr. Rauh's last councilmanic acts was to move approval of an ordinance permitting hospitals and charitable institutions to receive free two hundred and fifty gallons of water for each patient and employee, an increase in the allowance of approximately forty per cent
No one knew Enoch Rauh for any considerable length of time without realizing how entirely he lived up to his motto, "Do good always wherever possible." He found and made countless opportunities for such beneficent work, and more than thirty educational and philanthropic institutions, local and national, with which he was affiliated, profited by his generous interest and gifts. He was a trustee of the Carnegie Library, the Carnegie Institute of Technology, the Carnegie Music Hall, a director of the Gusky Orphanage, and a mem- ber of the advisory board of the Young Men's H^rew Association. Institutions and individuals were helped by his lofty conception of duty. Often, in Council chamber ^and in public, he championed the police and fire departments, and his fair, far-sighted attitude to- ward the problems affecting capital and labor held the friendship of both parties. He exerted every effort to foster understanding between negroes and whites, and was active in all movements promising the improvement of the condition of negroesw Color, race, nor creed — none deterred him in his broad-minded, sympathetic endeavors to "do good" to his fellowmen.
In fraternal and social organizations his companion- ship was especially valued, his cheery smile, hearty voice, and kindly word the accompaniments of a most happy disposition and pleasing personality. He fraternized with the Masonic order, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and the Loyal Order of Moose. He was president of the Concordia Club when that organ- ization built its former club house on Stockton avenue. North Side, and he was also a member of the West- moreland Country Club. He was a life member of the Pittsburgh Press Club, and numbered some of hb closest friends among his journalistic acquaintances. Apparent as was the richness of his character to the men he met in everyday life, it was in his home that the
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deepest appreciation of his fidelity to the best aims of manhood was felt Friend as well as father to his chil- dren, thoughtful, loving companion of life's journey to his wife, his splendid attributes of mind and heart reached their fullest fruition in the home. And to the day of his death he honored the memory of a mother's care and teaching in the white carnation he always wore in his coat lapeL
Enoch Rauh married, in Pittsburgh, Pa., Dec. 5, 188S, Bertha Floersheim, bom in Pittsburgh, daughter of Samuel and Pauline (Wertheimer) Floersheim. Her father was associated with the firm of A, Guckenheimer & Brothers, and was a gentleman of culture and artistic tastes, one of the most ac- complished amateur violinists of the city. A more com- plete sketch of the life of Mrs. Rauh follows. Mr. and Mrs. Rauh were the parents of two children: Helen Blanche, at home; and Richard S., at home, head of the Richard S. Rauh Company, advertising counsellors. Mr. Rauh was a prominent member of the Rodeph Sahlom Congregation, of Pittsburgh, as are the mem- bers of his family.
Enoch Rauh died Nov. 27, 1919. The foregoing pages have outlined his widely varied associations in Pitts- burgh's life, -connections touching all extremes. One of his close friends gave him the name by which many will long remember him, "lovable and smiling, 100 per cent, man and citizen."
MRS. BERTHA (FLOERSHEIM) RAUH— The names of Enoch Rauh and Mrs. Enoch (Floersheim) Rauh were linked with more than the bonds of mar- riage, they were joined in good works of broad scope and far-reaching effect. Death ended this working partnership that had been so generously productive of good, but the taking away of one whose life was largely spent in the service of his fellows left the need for service and brotherly effort as pressing and as insistent as ever. Mrs. Rauh, with a record of usefulness in many fields of civic, educational and philanthropic ac- tivity, has remained at her tasks with strength and courage renewed by the universal regret and appreci- ation voiced at the death of her husband, and Pittsburgh and the State number her among those citizens, men and women, who acknowledge a wide sphere of re- sponsibility and who have dedicated themselves to work and service, not alone for today, but for all the tomor- rows, and for the men and women of those times.
Bertha (Floersheim) Rauh was born June 16, 1865. She attended the First Ward School in Pittsburgh, the Fifth Ward School on the North Side, and the (jrant School, of Pittsburgh, from which she was grad- uated, making the highest general average of any pupil in the entire city, and receiving a prize for her excel- lent record from Professor Lucky, superintendent of schools. In 1884 she was graduated from the Pittsburgh Central High School with the highest Tionors. At this time she came into public notice in the following man- ner: "Harper's Weekly" compiled statistics relating to the highest ranking pupil in each high school of the cities of the United States, and Bertha Floersheim was accorded the honors for Central High. In addition to her high scholastic achievements, it was found that she
had never missed a day during her school years, and that she had never been late.
There has been no time since then, either before or after her marriage, when Mrs. Rauh has not been engaged in the service of her fellows in some manner. Her highest ambition extends no farther than to use her talents to the greatest advantage possible. Her first public service was in support of a fund for the aid of Russian immigrants, and she sang and read at many public entertainments for the benefit of these new- comers to our shores. Soon after her graduation, also, she became a member of the board of the Gusky Or- phanage, then just established, and has remained on this board to the present time. So many have been the movements for which she has worked that it is difficult to single out any one for particular mention, but her efforts were particularly valuable at the time of the Johnstown flood, when her husband was a member of the Pittsburgh Relief Committee. The World War, 1917-18, brought her opportunities for great service, and as first vice-president of the Women's Division of the Council of National Defense, one of the founders and member of the Executive Committee of the Allegheny County Red Cross Chapter, member of the^ Executive Committee of the Women's Division of the War Sav- ings Stamps Council, and as member of the State Com- mittee representing the Jewish Welfare Board for the United War Work Drive, she made heavy contribu- tions toward the success of these organizations.
Mrs. Rauh, looking on civic problems and needs with the broad vision and practical insight necessary for the correction of any undesirable condition, has found many channels for the improvement of conditions, par- ticularly as they have affected the young of Pittsburgh. For nine years she was a director of the Juvenile Court Association of Allegheny county, which she assisted in founding, and for the same period president of the Ju- venile Court Aid Society, of which she was the founder. Her work, too, has been along lines of prevention as well as of correction, and she aided the founding of the Girl Scouts' organization of Allegheny county; the Soho Public Bath House; the Public Health Nursing Association; the Hospital School for Backward Chil- dren; the Associated Charities; the Red Cross Chapter of Allegheny county; and the Palestine Welfare Society. In women's organizations she has been a leading spirit, and was one of the fotmders of the Equal Franchise Federation, the Consumers' League, the Travelers' Aid Society, the Women's Division of the Council of Na- tional Defense, and the Women's Division of the War Savings Stamps Coimcil. She is a woman of broad edu- cation, quick intelligence, and wide sympathy, and it is a splendid tribute to her life and work in Pittsburgh that the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce, assembled in executive session, named her, because of her many and varied services to the most important institutions of the city, "Mother Pitt." She has also been called "The Symbol of Pittsburgh."
Mrs. Rauh was chairman several years ago of the State Mental Hygiene Congress which met in Pitts- burgh; has been chairman of the Endowment Fund of the State Federation of Pennsylvania Women, and at various times a member of the Health and Hygiene
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Committee and the Program Committee of this organ- ization. Her practical work along this line embraces the founding of the first penny limches and the free dental clinics in Pittsburgh. Among the reforms she has championed as a member of different committees of the Civic Club are those for the Associated Charities, the Legal Aid Society, public comfort stations, anti- noise crusade, school nurses, medical inspection in the public schools, open air schools, vacant lot gardens, and immigration and Americanization work.
Mrs. Rauh is an ardent Jewess, and for a long period since Dr. Mayer's regime has been a tireless worker in Rodeph Sahlom Temple. Her unusual musical ability was a source of benefit to the' congregation ' since, for sixteen years, she sang in the choir of this temple to save die expense of a salaried mezzo-soprano. She has held many offices in the National Council of Jewish Women, serving as president for five months and retiring because of ill health; for six years a director, for six years chairman of the Philanthropic Depart- ment; and for seventeen consecutive years president of the Pittsburgh section of the council. She is recognized by the non- Jewish world locally and nationally as a leader of indefatigable energy, and has been a potent force in the translation of Jewish ideas and ideals to the non- Jewish community, Mrs. Rauh has contributed a number of articles to the daily press and periodicals, including the Jewish journals, Uie "Teachers' Associa- tion Magazine," and the "Dental Journal." Among the topics which her articles have treated are: "The Value of the Higher Education," "The Jew and Prejudice," "The Conservation of Woman's Leisure," "Music and the Sunday Observance," "Woman's Service," "Free Dental Clinics in the Public Schools," "Social Hygiene in the Home," "Teaching Sex Knowledge in the Public Schools." "A Journey Up the Allegheny Valley," "The New Year — A Hope," "Christopher Lyman Magee — a Tribute," etc,
Mrs. Rauh is a patron of all the arts, and is herself a musician of great ability. As a young woman she was piano soloist at Art Society concerts, sang in Carnegie Music Hall, and in amateur theatricals appeared in the Concordia Club and the Tuesday Night Club. She was also upon the program in local theatres when amateur performances were given for the benefit of widows of members of the Grand Army of the Republic
To name the institutions accorded Mrs. Rauh's moral and financial support would be almost to call the roll of every organization benefiting any part of Pittsburgh's population. Her official capacities are as a member of the Advisory Council of the Urban League of Pitts- burgh; director of the Public Charities Association of Pennsylvania; of the Civic Club of Allegheny county; of the Irene Kaufmann Settlement; of the Sohq Public Bath and Settlement; of the Associated Charities; of the Gusky Orphanage, and of the Public Safety Committee of the National Safety Council. She is a member of the Advisory Board of the Girls* Patriotic League; director of the Pennsylvania Board of the National Congress of Mothers; director of the Board of Pennsylvania Prison Reform Association; honorary member of the Board of the Women's Auxiliary of the Hebrew Institute; a member of the Executive Board of the Children's
Service Bureau, and the Natural Education Associa- tion; and a member of the Board of the State Juvenile Court Association and the Housing Conference of Pittsburgh. Mrs. Rauh is also honorary vice-president of the Consumers' League; honorary member of the Homewood Woman's Club; member of the Anti-Noise Committee, of the National American Civic Associa- tion; vice-president of the board of the Congress of Women's Clubs, and one of the committee of five to draft plans for a one hundred and fifty thousand dollar club house.
On June 13, 1920, there was dedicated at the Gtisky Orphanage the Enoch Rauh Dental Clinic, given by Mrs. Rauh in memory of her husband, on which oc- casion former associates of Enoch Rauh spoke with direct and eloquent sincerity on the life and character of the man. The gift is typical of the practical phil- anthropy practiced throughout many years by both Mr. and Mrs. Rauh.
While Pittsburgh has been the scene of much of Mrs. Rauh's earnest labor, and the beneficiary of her produc- tive efforts, her reputation has extended far beyond its confines, and she has been spoken of as one of America's foremost women. Her energy and initiative are without measure, and are inspired by an all-embracing love for anyone in need. Judge Henry S. Wasson has called her "Pittsburgh's first citizen," but could she choose her own title and deserve that name to the full, her choice would simply be that of "servant," good and faithful.
JOHN BARCLAY FINLEY— A man of conspicu- ous talents as a financier and organizer of large indus- trial and business interests, John Barclay Finley, in the midst of operations of magnitude and importance, made place for disinterested and capable public service, and found time for the cultivation and enjoyment of the best in art and literature. The source of his effectiveness in whatever relation to hb fellows he found himself was in the admirable balance he maintained in his in- terests, allowing no one influence to so dominate his thought and habit that it impaired his breadth of view- point or placed a bias upon his judgment The story of his life is a record of real accomplishment that brought benefit to many, as well as material fortune to himself.
John Barclay Finley was a descendant of Robert Finley, of Cecil county, Md., whose son, John Finley, born June 2, 1759, was a volunteer in the service of the American cause with the Maryland troops. Soon after the Revolutionary War, John Finley moved from Cecil county, Md., to Western Pennsylvania, settling first in Allegheny City, and soon afterward making his home about eight miles west of Pittsburgh, near White Hall and Sargent's Hall, and six miles east of Finleyville, or, as it was then called, "Rowgalley." John Finley was a farmer in calling, and in 1788 purchased of James Barclay, a brother-in-law, the greater portion of a tract of land called "Mount Pleasant," the warrant for which was taken out Dec. 3, 1787, by John Wall, who sold the property to James Barclay. The town of Fin- leyville, which afterward rose on this site, was named in honor of John Finley, who is described as a "man
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of mtich ability and irreproachable character/' and who was also a large land owner in Washington county, Pa. John Finley married Margaret Holland, daughter of William Holland, of Cecil county, Md, and died March 25, 1846.
James Finley, son of John Finley, and father of John Barclay Finley of this chronicle, was bom on the homestead, June 18, 1806, and learned mercantile busi- ness under the instruction of his brother Robert, who was the first postmaster of Finleyville. As a young man of twenty-five years of age, Mr. Finley came to Pittsburgh and entered a mercantile house, remaining there for five years, when he moved to Philadelphia, and a little later went abroad Upon his return to Phila- delphia, he and a partner engaged in wholesale dry goods dealings, but in 1851 the firm failed, with heavy losses. Having saved from its ruins a small sum of mon^, Mr. Finley, with splendid courage and perse- verance, opened a general store at Finleyville, where he spent his closing years, his death occurring in 1857, when he was in the prime of life, but exhausted by the energy with which he had waged a noble fight against misfortune. James Finley married Catherine O'Neil, daughter of John O'Neil, of Albany, N. Y. Their second son, William P., was killed in the battle of Wil- liamsburg, Va., in the Civil War, a member of the "Friend Rifles" of Pittsburgh.
John Barclay Finley, son of James and Catherine (O'Neil) Finley, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 17, 1845. He was a boy of sixteen years of age when Finleyville became the family residence, and in the schools of that place he obtained his early educational training, supplementing this with a course in the Mo- nongahela City Normal School. Upon the completion of his studies he became a clerk in the mercantile estab- lishment of Alexander & Company, but the beginning of his business career was interrupted by the Civil War. In 1862, in his seventeenth year, he enlisted in Company C, 1 8th Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia, and was in service near Hagerstown, Md. In 1865, Alexander & Company disposed of their mercantile interests and engaged exclusively in banking. Mr. Finley remained with the firm during the following five years, obtaining a practical experience and knowledge of banking, and in 1870, upon the organization of the People's Savings Bank, was appointed cashier. In 1880 this institu- tkm was reorganized as the People's Bank, Mr. Finley being elevated to the presidency through virtue of his proved financial ability and his inti- mate familiarity with the institution and the com- munity it served. Subsequently, his business interests broadened rapidly, and he was an organizer of the Mo- nongahela City Gas Company, and for a number of years president of the Williamsport Bridge Company. Mr. Finley was at different times and for periods of varying duration president of the Bellwood & Monon- gahela Natural Gas Company, the Lawrence Gas Com- pany of Newcastle, Pa., the Newcastle Electric Com- pany, the City of Newcastle Water Company, and the Broad Top & Cambria Coal Company.
Mr. Finley was elected president of the Colonial Steel Company in 1909, succeeding James W. Brown, who died in office. The list of the enterprises with which
he was associated as an organizer and prime mover is an imposing one. Among them was the Monongahela River Coal Company, which he organized about 1904, and which, for many years, controlled the river coal interests as one of the strongest organizations of its kind in the United States. Mr. Finley was also vice- president of the Monongahela City Transit Company, of Monongahela City, Pa., and director of the Betz-Piercc Company of Cleveland, Ohio; the Mellon National Bank; the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal and Coke Company; the National Fire-Proofing Company; the Pittsburgh Coal Company; the Union Savings Bank; the Union Trust Company; the American Water Works and Electric Company; and the Corona (Ala.) Iron and Coal Company.
In political belief, Mr. Finley was a Republican, and both in public office and in private life was a diligent worker for the general good. In 1887 and 1888 he represented Washington county in the State Legislature, was elected to fill the unexpired term of James K. Bil- lingsley in the session of 1888-90, and also filled a seat in the lower house in the session of 1891. His record as a legislator is one of untiring effort in the public business, of faithful attendance upon the work of the committees of which he was a member, and of general usefulness at all times. In April, 1892, Mr. Finley resigned his seat at Harrisburg so that he might more effectively advo- cate improved streets and sewerage facilities for his community without laying himself open to the charge of sectionalism in his work in the Legislature. At all times he held the highest confidence of his fellow- citizens, who testified to their appreciation of his ability and public spirit by repeatedly electing him to the Ci^ Council. In 1887, Mr. Finley served on the Revenue Commission, appointed to examine the tax laws of the State and to recommend State tax legislation. Mr. Finley held advanced educational theories and supported educational work as vice-president of the Pennsylvania College for Women, and as a director and trustee of the Western Theological Seminary. He was also a director of the Monongahela Memorial Hospital and of the Western Pennsylvania Exposition. He gave his financial aid as well as his executive powers to further the work of these institutions, and in a manner that strove solely to accomplish good, was a liberal friend of charitable and philanthropic projects. No good work appealed to him in vain, and he gave with the thoughtful care that made his benefactions of added 'value.
Mr. Finley held the thirty-second degree in the Ma- sonic order, and was also a member of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine in that body. He was a member of the Presbyterian church of Monongahela, and served as a deacon for a number of years. He was a lover of fine paintings and a discriminating judge of their values, as he was an admirer of perfection in book making. He was the owner of about one hundred paintings by old masters, and his library contained one of the finest collections of de luxe editions and bindings in this part of the State. But the purpose of his library was by no means ornamental, for in it he spent many happy hours in the companionship of his favorite authors.
Mr. Finley married, Feb. 21, 1878, Marguerite Bow- man, daughter of Michael and Christina (Gottwick)
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Bowman, of Monongahela City, Pa. From all of the circles in which Mr. Finley moved there came out- pourings of appreciation and regard when death took him from their midst. Among the many tributes offered to his life and work was the following minute, adopted at a joint meeting of the Union Trust Company, the Mellon National Bank, and the Union Savings Bank, which, in happy simplicity, expresses the esteem in which he was held:
It l8 with profound sorrow that we record the death of John Barclay Finley at his home in this city, on February 27, 1919. Mr. Finley had been a director of these Institutions for many years and had given to their affairs an earnest, conscientious and devoted service. A Ions life, diligently employed in the bank- ing and commercial enterprises of this district, had equipped him with a knowledge and experience in- valuable in the administration of financial affairs. Of these he srave freely to these institutions. We. his fellow directors, realise that his death has deprived us of a wise counsel, a sound Judgment, and a genial personality.
JAMES DAVIDSON SANDS, D. D.— Called from the pulpit to work in executive capacity in the United Presbyterian Church organization. Dr. James D. Sands, in the three-score years of his life, completed a Christian work of rare value, and enjoyed exceptional opportun- ities for service in the cause to which he had devoted his life. The following paragrai^ contain the simple outline of his religious activities and well show the reason for close associates writing of him at his death : "A true and trusted servant of the church has fallen suddenly at his post"
Dr. James D. Sands, son of Andrew Sands, was bom on his father's farm in Plum township, Allegheny county. Pa., Feb. i6, 1853. Early in life he was dedicated to the Christian ministry by his godly mother, and his life was a response to tfiat dedication. He was gradu- ated from Westminster College at the age of nineteen years, and from Allegheny Theological Seminary when twenty-three. He united, on profession of faith, with the Eighth Presbyterian Church, of Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1873. He was licensed by Monons^ela Presbytery, March 30, 1875, was ordained by Beaver Valley Presbytery, Dec. 19, 1876, and in the latter year was installed pastor of the United Presbyterian Congregation, of Beaver, Pa. This pastoral relation continued until 1880, when he was transferred to the Seventh United Presbyterian Church, of Pittsburgh, to which he ministered for twenty years.
Dr. Sands was elected a member of the United Presby- terian Board of Publication in 1883, and five years later was made its president. Early in 1901 he was chosen business manager of the board, and for twelve 3rears he served the church most efficiently in this official posi- tion, his work in this capacity ending only with the clos- ing of all his earthly labors. He was editor and pub- lisher of the "Evangelical Repository," 1889-1890. At the December, 1912, meeting of the Board of Publication, he was elected as co-editor of the "Christian Instructor,** and he looked forward eagerly to the service he hoped to render in this relationship, but before he penned his first editorial message he was called to the highest service. Dr. Sands filled many other financial positions with rare fidelity and ability. He was stated clerk of Mononga- hela Presbsrtery for the years, 1883-1903, and for eleven
years its financial agent; trustee and treasurer of the Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, and trustee of the General Assembly. The General Assen^y of 1912 ap- pointed him a member of the Committee on Closer Rela- tions with the Southern Presbyterian Church, and be met with diat committee in Washington, D. C, durini^ die dosing days of November. His deadi occurred before the report of that committee could be submitted. He was moderator of the Synod of Pittsburgh, 1894. He was author of "The History of the Presbytery of Mononga- hela," from 1876 to 1893, and of the "United Presbyter- ian Digest,** third edition, of 1902, and timely contribu- tions on labor problems and religious matters.
It was characteristic of Dr. Sands diat he lost no op- portunity to advance the interests of a cause he believed right This attitude led him into the support of vari- ous reform movements in political relation, and he was a vital moving force in sudi work. He was Repi&Ucan in political faith, a member of the Anti-Saloon League, and a worker in and out of season for the temperance crusade.
Dr. Sands was honored with the degree of Doctor of Divinity by Westminster College in 1895. That his work had been appreciated and a proper value set upon his talents during his lifetime is shown by the many and responsible posts to which he was called. Upon his death his brethren in religious work paid tender and loving trd>- ute to his memory. With what fine courage and widi what confident faith in the future he faced the great experience, the following words spoken to a friend the evening before his death indicate: "It is not hard to die when you come face to face with the end." His earthly career closed Jan. 28, 1913.
Dr. Sands married (first) Ella Stratton, and had a daughter, Helen, who married Dr. Herbert W. Ferry, deceased, of Poland, Ohio. He married (second), July 28, 1887, Sarah Given, daughter of John Given, her fa- ther a pattern maker in the employ of the Allegheny Valley Railroad at Verona, Pa. Mrs. Sands is presi- dent of the Women's General Missionary Society of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. She is a member of the Pittsburgh Ceramic Club, and of the Alumni Association of the School of Design. Chil- dren of Dr. and Mrs. Sands: Harold G.. a resident of Ben Avon, Pa., associated with E. F. Houghton & Company, is married, and has three 'children, viz,: Margaret, James Davidson, and Robert Reed; Martha J., married Louis A. Kirtland, of Poland, Ohio.
The following are the words of one of Dr. Sands' close associates, and are here quoted for the view they give of the esteem in which he was held by those who were in a position to fairly judge his usefulness:
It is only within the last few years that the CTharch has been awake to the full value of Dr. Sands and to its indebtedness to him. His masterful conduct of the largre interests under the chargre of the Board of Pub- lication showed how thoroughly competent and relia- ble and serviceable he was. He had talents that would have made him prosperous in the commercial world. He came behind in no erlft that belongrs to jniccess. But all was placed willingrly at the disposal of the cause of Christ. Beyond this, he was a man that had understandingr of the times, to know what Israel ought to do. His foresigrht and insight and practical wisdom were recog-nixed by the General As- sembly, and he was appointed to serve in many im- portant capacities. In all the courts of the Church
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be diatinffulshed himself. Am a parliamentarian who could cut his way through a tansrle of conflicting propositions, as an authority in ecclesiastical law, as a loffical debater, and as a broad-minded, discerning counselor, he was second to none, and his brethren trusted his influential leadership. Arrested, seemingrly in the completeness of his work, when his eye was not dim nor his natural force abated, shall we ask, *'Where is the providence of Oodr* Not if the teaching: of Jesus is accepted. Is it not rather a sharp reminder that the ways of Ood are beyond mortal fathoming, that they are wrapped in a mantle of mystery. In an hour like thiji, amidst the hush which falls on the heart, the admonition is that we must trust God. His is the larger view for our friend; His is the deeper thougrht; His is the srrander plan. In His love and wisdom let us rest. For Dr. Sands the valley was a victory. He bore his pain and distress with splendid quietness and resiernation until he won the Kingdom. The hour of his promotion found him waiting and ex- pectant, as his few words revealed. On the Sabbath preceding: his death, after he had revived from the stupor of the perilous surgical operation, and the little circle grathered again at his bedside, we were lookingr into a face whose own look was far away, full of the vision of immortality. There was still the handclasp, but he was halfway to the happy land of Beulah. He was done with the cold grrey of time and reachingr forward to the life where the shadow of death is turned into the morning:. On Tuesday the end came, and he was "at home with the LfOrd." "Faithful in much," he entered on his eternal reward.
J. HARTLEY ANDERSON, M. D.— Half a decade has not sufficed to dim the memory of Dr. J. Hartley Anderson, nor will any period of years within the life- time of the generations who knew him and his work serve to pass his name and fame into oblivion. A his- tory of Pittsburgh and her citizens opens its pages for the life record of her distinguished son as gladly as he was honored during his lifetime by his associates in the city. Dr. Anderson's reputation is safe in the keeping of history as one of the really great surgeons of his time, an outstanding figure in his profession, and Pitts- burgh, its citizens and its institutions, entered deeply into his debt for devoted service in the saving of life and the restoration of health. The following pages, given to the recording of Dr. Anderson's busy and active, though foreshortened life, fail in their purpose unless they show him as a surgeon with a passion for his work, regarding it as the highest form of art, accepting will- ingly the challenge of physical conditions defying the skill and knowledge of the profession, and placing the duties and obligations of his calling before all else.
The race of the Andersons is of Scottish origin, and the founder of tiie American branch of the family was driven from his native land by religious persecution. He sought refuge in the Province of Pennsylvania, mak- ing a home near Chester for himself and his descendants.
(I) Arthur Andrews Anderson (die son of Arthur and Jane (Andrews) Anderson), a grandson of the im- migrant, was of Chester, and is said to have been an officer in the Revolutionary army, and later to have served during General Washington's administration. Un- der Anthony Wayne the expedition was sent to retrieve St. Clair's defeat Captain Anderson was with him dur- ing the winter at Legionville, near Beaver, Pa., and he i9 reported to have participated in the battle of Fallen Timbers, the last battle with die Indians, helping to drive them out of the Northwest Territory, now Ohio. Sub- sequently he settled at Franklin, afterwards called Ra- venna, Portage county, in that State, and operated a
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flour mill, later became a farmer. Captain Anderson married Martha Hook, and their children were: Martha, married Homer Bevans, of Chicago, and had children: Homer, Alice, Victor and Lowell; Sarah; Arthur An- drews, mentioned below; Benjamin, married; James; and Jane, married Arthur Rodgers, and had children: George W., and Martha, who married McCalhoun Arthurs, of Billings, Mont. Captain Anderson was one of the first justkes of the peace in Ohio, and was called "Judge."
(H) Arthur Andrews (2) Anderson, son of Arthur Andrews (i) and Martha (Hook) Anderson, was bom in 1808, and was apprenticed to Major Butier, a printer of Ravenna, Ohio. The youth learned the trade and as- sisted in the publicatkm of two newspapers, one of which was the "Western Courier of Ravenna," Major Butier being the editor. The business was removed to Pittsburgh, and in 1827 the firm of Butier & Anderson was formed. The office was at the comer of Market street and Fourth avenue, and the paper and ink used in the business were brought over the mountains on horse- back by way of Redstone. The firm had the reputation of being honest, and trained a number of printers. Major Butier was appointed first commander of the Allegheny Arsenal. Eventually Mr. Anderson, at the age of twenty-one years, bought out his employer, and later associated his sons with him, the firm name being A. A. Anderson & Sons. Mr. Anderson married (first) Maria Foster, daughter of Edward and Mary (Johnston) Fos- ter, and the following children were bom to them: Martha, married Thomas J. Craig; Walter; Edward Foster, mentioned below; and Charles A. He married (second) Katherine Lasure Moore, and had one son, Arthur Andrews (3) Anderson. Arthur Andrews An- derson died at the age of seventy-eight, in 1886. Ed- ward Foster, a gentleman of literary tastes, the grand- father of these children, was a native of Ireland.
(HI) Edward Foster Anderson, son of Arthur An- drews (2) and Maria (Foster) Anderson, was bom July 12, 1839, and made his home in Pittsburgh, actively con- tinuing the printing business as E. F. Anderson & Com- pany. Edward Foster Anderson married Mary Hartley, descended from the Northumberland, England, family. The American ancestor was Isaac Hartiey, who landed in New York, July 4, 1797, and later purchased lands in Saratoga county, N. Y. His youngest brother was Thomas Hartley, of Pittsburgh, Pa. Isaac Hartley was the father of Robert Milham Hartley, distinguished philosopher, author, and philanthropist, a member of die Hartley family of New York State. Mrs. Anderson died in 1881 at the age of thirty-six years. Their son, James Hartley, is of further mention.
(IV) Dr. James Hartley Anderson, son of Edward Foster and Mary (Hartiey) Anderson, was bom in Pittsburgh, April 15, 1868. He attended the public schools, and was graduated from Central High School in 1887, being awarded the Brinton prize, the highest scholastic honor of the institution. Beginning the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. James Mc- Cann, he was associated with Dr. McCann for six and one-half years, until the latter's death, and during this time he also studied at the Western Pennsylvania Med- ical College, being graduated with the class of 1891.
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HISTORY OF PITTSBURGH
After one year as interne in the Western Pennsylvania Hospital, Dr. Anderson became assistant surgeon in that institution, and in 1899 was made head of the surgical staff. Among his other institutional connections were an association of eighteen years with the Presbyterian Hospital as visiting surgeon, and of ten years on the fac- ulty of the Western Pennsylvania Medical College. To the work of these institutions he brought a fine enthus- iasm and vigorous interest that resulted in their great benefit, for with the passing years his fame and reputa- tion attained national and international dimensions. Dr. Anderson was a pioneer in abdominal surgery, intro- ducing many new methods and originating others. He carried into his professional activity the love of study that characterized his school days, and the unhesitating deci- sion and unerring certainty that marked his operating were based upon a profoimd knowledge of the human organ. To one versed in surgical and medical lore it was a delight to watch Dr. Anderson at his work. His pol- ished technique and superlative skill, as he made his way through tissue and bone in the correction of basic dis- orders, were a revelation in surgical science. He was equal master of both hands and his ambidexterity was an important factor in the remarkable speed he attained in his work, for none realized better than he the advan- tage of time saved on the operating table. Dr. Ander- son was exacting in his requirements in operating room equipment and accoutrements, and had all of his instru- ments made to his order, among them some of his own design. His joy in his work and its artistic and success- ful performance enabled him to perform prodigious amounts, and inspiring this steadfast devotion to his profession was the imploring need for his skill and learn- ing and the vision of the vast total of good he accom- plished. Those close to Dr. Anderson testify that the material rewards from his profession meant little to him, and that he would often choose to give his time and skill to patients totally unable to defray the expenses of their operations in preference to those with ample means, allowing only the imminence of their need to govern his action.
Dr. Anderson had studied in the medical centers of America and Europe, and was the author of numerous papers and monographs on scientific and professional subjects, one of particular value and interest, a treatise on a new method of treatment for arsenical poison. He was famous for delicate brain operations, and had per- formed almost miraculous work in this province of sur- gery. He was a member of the American Medical So- ciety, a member and ex-president of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pittsburgh, and a fellow of the Academy of Medicine, the Allegheny County Med- ical Society, and the American Surgical Society. He was a Republican in politics, with independent tendencies, tak- ing an interest in whatever pertained to the betterment of conditions, civic or moral, in his commimity. His clubs were the Press and University, and he was a member of Pittsburgh Lodge, No. 434, Free and Accepted Masons. He was a communicant of Bellefield Presbyterian Church. Dr. Anderson spent much of the time free from pro- fessional duties in the open air, and in simple exercise found his relaxation, much as he recommended the cura- tive, beneficial value of fresh air to hb patients.
Dr. Anderson married, June 10, 1896, Ruth Mays, daughter of the Rev. Dallas Valentine and Lucy (Kirt- land) Mays, who lived for some time in Kansas, Mr. Mays being a missionary of the Presbyterian church. Mrs. Mays was bom in Poland, Ohio, and was a daugh- ter of Billions Kirtland, and a granddaughter of Judge Turhand Kirtland, who was one of the officers of the Connecticut Land Company which settled a large part of the historic Western Reserve. Mr. Mays died in 1903, and Mrs. Mays passed away Nov. 18, 1913. Mr. Mays came of old Pennsylvania stock with several ancestors .who distinguished themselves in the Revolutionary War. Mrs. Anderson was educated at Smith College, and is a member of the Smith College Club and the Daughters of the American Revolution. Children of Dr. J. Hartley and Ruth (Mays) Anderson: Hartley Kirtland, bom May 13, 1897; Ruthanna Frame; Lucy Eloise; Mary Katharine Eliza, deceased.
No more fitting conclusion to a record of die life and work of J. Hartley Anderson could be penned than the following, quoted from the "Thistle," the school paper of the Carnegie Technical Institute :
J. Hartley Anderson, physician, surgeon, public- spirited citisen, beloved friend of students and teach- ers, creator of the department of Student Health in this institution, died September 16, 1916. His self- devotion to his profession and to his distingruished position in charge of the Western Pennsylvania Hos- pital brought its load of responsibility very heavily upon him. He succumbed to the ravagres of an in- sidious disease when in the prime of his manhood on the threshold of a national career. The numerous con- tributions of Dr. Anderson in the field of research brought him many honors, one of the foremost of which was his being selected as one of the first Fel- lows in the American College of Surgery. This recog- nition would have been but the forerunner of many European honors which undoubtedly would have come to him because of this international reputation. • • • Thousands of students who listened to his brilliant lectures, and hundreds unto whom he ministered, many of whom he saved from death, will always remember the courteous gentleman, the kind friend, the scholarly physician, and the skillful surgeon, whose cheerful words and happy smile always made the erravest moments bearable, and who held out a never failing spirit of hope to those who were in dis- tress. Though we have lost our friend and teacher, his spirit still lives in the institution which was honored by his presence.
HENRY GRAHAM BROWN— A lifetime in the steel industry was the business record of Henry Graham Brown, and this included large commercial and indus- trial connections outside of the corporation bearing the family name. Brown & Company, Inc., succeeding John H. Brown & Company. Mr. Brown occupied an