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Che Wictoria Ibistory of the Counties of England

EDITED BY WILLIAM PAGE, F.S.A.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

VOLUME VII

THE

VICTORIA

\

HISTORY

=

OF THE COUNTIES

OF ENGLAND

LANCASHIRE

LONDON CONSTABLE AND COMPANY LIMITED

h.269083 This History 1s issued to Subscribers only by

Constable &F Company Limited and printed by Il’. H. Smith & Son London

INSCRIBED TO THE MEMORY OF HER LATE MAJESTY

QUEEN VICTORIA

WHO GRACIOUSLY GAVE THE TITLE TO AND ACCEPTED THE DEDICATION OF THIS HISTORY

THE

VICTORIA HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF

LANCASTER

EDITED BY WILLIAM FARRER, D.Lirr., anp J. BROWNBILL, M.A.

VOLUME SEVEN

LONDON

CONSTABLE AND COMPANY LIMITED IQg1I2

CONTENTS OF VOLUME SEVEN

PAGE Dedication . ; ‘ : 4 ‘ ‘ i : : : : ‘ : . v Contents : : . : : ‘ : : ; F ‘ : : : 3 ix List of Illustrations . ‘ : 5 . 5 : , : ‘ : , . F xi List of Maps . ‘ 7 . é . ; j é ; : : . 3 - xi Editorial Note : A . . : ; : ‘ : d ; : ; . xiii Topography . 5 a é : . General descriptions and manorial descents by W. Farrer, D.Litt., and J. Brownsgity, M.A. Architectural descriptions by F. H. Cuzrruam. Heraldic drawings and blazon by the Rev. E. E. Doruine, M.A., F.S.A. Blackburn Hundred (continuation)— Mitton (Part of) . . . : . i ‘ ‘ : ; : . I Chipping ; ‘ 4 : ‘ F : : F : : : cer Xe) Ribchester 5 : 5 a 5 7 7 ‘ : 3 5 A . 36 Amounderness Hundred— Introduction . : . r : : . ‘ : : : . - 68 Preston . j ‘ ‘ . . é . E : ‘ ‘ ‘ ay

Kirkham . . . . . . : : : . ‘ : . - 143

Lytham . : . . 7 : : s : , 2 A : + 213 Poulton-le-Fylde . ‘ : : ‘ . . F : . . + 219 Bispham . ‘ ; : é 5 Fi ‘ : ‘ ‘ : . - 242 Lancaster (Part of) . : . . ; : : ‘ : ; ; . 251

St. Michael-on-Wyre . ‘ 2 ; : : . . : : . 260

Garstang ‘ ‘ ‘ - ‘ ‘ : . . ; i : - 291

Index to Volumes VI and VII. 3 3 r : ‘ ‘ ‘ ; i F » 337

Corrigenda , . ‘ : . : : : . : : . : . - 435 iy b

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE Lancaster Castle j F ‘ ‘ ‘ : . j . Fi fs . frontispiece Mitton : Cross of St. Paulinus on the Fells, Aighton ’ ‘ : ; 2 4 Stonyhurst : Principal Front : : Sull-page plate, facing 4 3 $3 First and Ground Floor Plans . ‘ ‘ ‘ , ‘ Sacing 6 a5 0 in 1808 ; ; Geuih: eat i - . full-page plate, facing 8 9 5 The Quadrangle = a 10 ‘ ee Gateway Tower ” ” ” 12 a Shireburne Almshouses : : : 5 : : : is % 20 Chipping Church from the South d oe » The Nave looking East pe ° : : : a " m a 3 >» The Font . : ; ‘ s F ‘ é #3 3 5 24 sy Hesketh End: South Front Z E 7 : a ‘s 5 30 Thornley with Wheatley : Thornley Hall . : j 5 5 35 5 34 Ribchester Church: Plan : : 2 . . ; . : ' : ‘ - 38 , The Nave lokng Eas + Alpe ple, fing 38 Dutton Hall: South Front’. . : . Z 2 ‘i , 3 3 “i 54 53 » The Gateway : : : : ‘ Fi a 3 i 5 58 », Stidd Chapel: Plan. : ; j é , ‘ ‘ 3 60 yy Nave and Chan = + Sitges pln fing 60 3 + a South aus a 4 - e The Font . aM fe a Preston : South Prospect in 1728 , . * 5 5 74 oi Church c. niet ee . » C1796 ss is m a5 Parish Church from the South-east a 3 55 5 82 5 Fishergate with Town Hall in distance i Harris Free Library, Market Place } : : ag 4 fe Grimsargh and Brockholes: Red Scar, North-west Front . F F - Sy » 106 FS y +5 5 South-east Front ¥ $5 Rs 108 ‘ : 33 The Dining-room . ‘ . : ‘ . ro

” re ‘3 Higher reel

Lower Brockholes 7 - full-page plate, facing 112

” ? ” Broughton Church : Plan before 1823 ; ‘ . ‘ Fi ‘ : ; : . 122 es eo SEE a . . - full-page plate, facing 122 Barton Cross

Myerscough Lodge : Inscribed Stone over Stable ee me . : 2 ” ” ”

Kirkham Church from the North-west Clifton with Salwick : Lund Church, Roman Altar used as Font . . 3 5 » 166 xi

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGR - 186 Singleton: Muiins Hall . . . ‘ : . ‘ é ; 5 : . i Goosnargh : Bulsnape Hall 1. ; : ; . ; ; full-page plate, facing 194 5 Ashes, Old Doorway ) * Inglewhite Village ) - . a: RGR Pe Hospital yo . . ss Church: Plan. < ‘i . . ‘ ‘ F e 7 . - 202 35 » from the South-west

7 ‘ . full-page plate, facing 202 The Nave looking East } a aa

” ”

Whittingham : Chingle Hall, Bridge over Moat . - F ‘ i iy 3 » +206 + Dun Cow Rib Farm . : * ‘ . 7 - +5 » +208 Lytham Hall : : ; : - es : . : : : : . & 2G

Church from the South-east d . e ‘ ‘ ; ‘ . . ‘ull-page plate, facing 226 Poulton-le-Fylde : Stocks and Cross ) a)

Bispham Church : Norman Doorway . ‘ 7 A $5 - » (244 Preesall with Hackinsall : Parrox Hall, North Front ar - =» os ‘The Hall } : a> ee TY 4s a gs Hackinsall Hall d ae St. Michael-on-Wyre Church from the North-east ) i e i - .

s 7 5 Plan . ‘ : i ‘ ‘i és : - - 2.62 Upper Rawcliffe : St. Michael’s Village. : s : . : . . . + 268 Great Eccleston : Raikes Road . : : ; . . . . . . . «297 Woodplumpton Church: Plan . ‘ : ‘ . - . ‘ P A . - 289

, the Nave toting Bae | * ++ Shon at fig 90 Garstang Church: Plan . : ‘ ; , : ‘ = «4 ‘ ‘ . + 294 : ; ae eee } - P ‘i . full-page plate, facing 294 Nateby : Bowers House . : . : : F : z 3 . F ‘ + 310 Kirkland : Churchtown Cross : Barnacre with Bonds: Greenhalgh Castle : : : Sai Kall ate

Claughton Hall. ‘ : . : 4 é . ‘ A i » oo» 328

LIST OF MAPS

Index Map to Chipping, Leagram, Aighton and Ribchester . a 3 z 7 . s 21

» 99-9 FAundred of Amounderness ' 3 : 5 A ; ‘ P . 68 3» -9),~—S«9y-: Parish of Preston : 4 P A . . . : : . we 9 » 99 99 Parishes of Kirkham and Lytham is . 3 . : 3 ‘ - 143 ee eee »» 9) Poulton and Bispham F . % ‘ : 7 7 . 220 9-99-99, Chapelry of Stalmine ; ; é . : : ; - ‘ - 252 9» 99 99 Parish of St. Michael-on-Wyre . 3 ; ‘ ‘ . z F . 261 ” oy ony, Garstang . . . é . 6 é . is ‘ - 292

xii

EDITORIAL NOTE

Tue Editors desire to acknowledge the assistance and information given by the Rev. S. E. Collinson, Mr. E. Dickson, Mr. J. T. Fair, Mr. W. J. Fitzherbert-Brockholes, D.L., J.P., Mr. Joseph Gillow, Mr. D. Howsin, Mr. A. Jobling, the Rev. J. Keating, Dr. J. A. Laycock, Mr. #. A. toe Gendre Starkte, J.P., the Rev, E. T.. Millard, the Rev. 5. Nightingale, M.A., Mr. James Openshaw, M.A., the Rev. J. F. H. Parker, Mr. W. Parker, Captain C. B. Petre, the Rev. D. Schofield, Mr. W. W. Simpson, J.P., Mr. R. Trappes-Lomax, J.P., and Miss Weld, also the Town Clerks of Blackpool and Preston and the Librarian of Preston.

They also wish to tender their thanks to Mr. J. P. Rylands, F.S.A., for revising the heraldry.

For illustrations and information regarding the architecture of the county the Editors are indebted to Sir George F. Toulmin, M.P., the Editor and Proprietors of ‘ Country Life’ (for photographs of Shireburne Almshouses and Stonyhurst Gateway Tower), the Society of Antiquaries, Messrs. Austin & Paley, the Rev. W. Bodkin, S.J.. Mr. W. Ellison Fenwicke, and Mr. T. Harrison Myres.

xi

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

TOPOGRAPHY

THE HUNDRED

OF BLACKBURN

(CONTINUATION)

MITTON (Parr oF)

AIGHTON, BAILEY AND CHAIGLEY

Acton, Dom. Bk.; Aghton, 1274; Aighton, modern. Occasionally an H was prefixed, e.g. Hacton, 1235.

Bailegh, 1257; Bayley, 1284; Bayleye, 1291.

Cheydeslega, 1246 ; Chaygeslegh, 1331 ; Chaddes- legh, Chaddesley, 1346 ; Chageley, c. 1440.

This composite township is bounded on the north and east by the Hodder, which separates it from Yorkshire, in which county is situated the greater part of the parish of Mitton. On the south the Ribble is the boundary. The dominant physical feature is Longridge Fell, projecting eastward into the township a little north of the centre. Its highest point, 1,149 ft., lies just within the border. From the ridge the ground falls rapidly to the north and east, and more gently to the south, many outlying spurs breaking the surface into hills and cloughs, the latter often watered by rapid brooks, formerly supply- ing motive power to numerous bobbin mills. Trees are abundant, and along the Hodder are many beautiful views.

Aighton and Bailey lie to the south of the Fell, to the east and west respectively, being parted by Dean Brook, while Chaigley or Chaigeley occupies the north-east slope. Stonyhurst,! which as the residence oi the lords of the manor has for centuries been the dominant house in the township, lies near the centre of Aighton, with Winkley or Winckley to the south- east, in the corner formed by the confluence of Hodder and Ribble, and Woodfields to the north-east. Hurst Green, the principal hamlet, is about a mile south- west of Stonyhurst. Chilsey Green is to the north, under the Fell; near it are the Shireburne alms- houses. Morton House lies to the east, while Craw- shaw and Hudd Lee are near the western border.

In Chaigley, Chadswell and Chapel House are central, the houses known as the hall and the manor lying to the east and Wedacre to the west.

The principal road is that from Longridge to Mitton and Clitheroe, through the southern part of the township. The portion of this road from Hurst Green to the lower Hodder bridge was made by McAdam in 1826, teing one of the first attempts to apply his system.? The new Hodder bridge, of three arches, was built at the same time ; the old one, still standing a few yards to the south, was provided by Sir Richard Shireburne in 1562.5 There is no bridge across the Ribble, but a ferry is maintained to Hacking on the south bank. ‘The older road from Longridge is higher up, passing through Chilsey Green and Stonyhurst, but this is now little used. North of the Fell is another important road, from Chipping and Thornley to Clitheroe, crossing the Hodder by the higher bridge.

The area of the township is 6,3004 acres,5? Aighton measuring 2,867 acres, Bailey 1,418} and Chaigley 2,015. A detached part of Aighton called Lennox’s Farm was in 1883 transferred to Dutton, within which township it lay. In 1gor the popula- tion numbered 1,310.

Aighton was in 1066 in the hundred of Amounder- ness and apparently in the parish of Preston ; its double transference to the hundred of Blackburn and to the parish of Mitton was no doubt a consequence of the early grants to the Lacy and Mitton families respectively, as narrated below.

To the ancient ‘fifteenth’ 38s. was contributed, when the hundred in all paid £37 15. 7d.,9 and to the county lay a proportionate sum.

The township is now governed by a parish council,

1 Two fields near the hall are called Great and Little Stonyhurst.

2 J. Gerard, Stonyhurst Coll. 124.

3 Ibid. 57. Sir Richard provided the stone and paid £70 to the mason. In the appended note is a statement by the rector of Mitton in 1331 that the bridge over the Hodder—probably a wooden one

7

—was frequently broken down, the river being liable to floods.

‘An aqueduct carries the Blackburn Corporation water-pipes across the river, but there is no public footway by it.

57 The Census Rep. of 1901 gives 6,289 acres, including 108 of inland water.

I

8 Transferred under the Divided Parishes Act, 1882, The land is at the north end of Dutton. The farm may have taken its name from a Lynalx, related to the old lords of Ribchester. A Thomas Lenox had land in 1524; see below.

® Gregson, Fragments (ed. Harland), 19

I

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Tumuli at Winkley!° are supposed to mark the scene of some ancient struggle for the passage of the river, but the chief historical event is the stay of Cromwell at Stonyhurst on two occasions in August 1648.11 The Jacobite rising of 1715 caused some excitement. In Chaigley there are remains of a barracks in which soldiers were then stationed in order to quell the country.!?

Apart from the Shireburnes the most distinguished native was Henry Holden, D.D., a Roman Catholic divine born in 1596 at Chaigley. He took part in the controversies of the time, and was himself sus- pected of Jansenism, unjustly as it appears. He lived abroad for the most part and became vicar-general of Paris. He died in 1662.38

In 1836, apart from agriculture, the industries were hand-loom weaving of cotton, wood-bobbin making, lime burning and stone quarrying.!! At present little corn is grown, the land being mostly pasture ; the areas are thus returned for Aighton, Bailey and Bowland with Leagram: arable land, 32 acres; permanent grass, 7,2624; woods and plantations, 6414.15 Oxen seem to have been used as draught animals down to recent times.16

The deer park at Stonyhurst existed till 1855.17 There are remains of a number of ancient crosses.!8 At Aighton there seems to have been a St. Michael’s Well.1® In Chaigley is St. Chad’s Well.

In 1086 4IGHTON, assessed as one MANORS plough-land, was recorded among the king’s manors in Amounderness which twenty years earlier had been held by Earl Tostig as appurtenant to Preston, and after him by Roger of Poitou.?° Afterwards it belonged, for a time at least, to Warine Bussel, one of Roger’s knights and ancestor of the lords of Penwortham. Again coming into the king’s hands, it was in 1102 given by Henry I to Robert de Lacy, and from that time onward formed part of the great fee or honor of Clitherve.”!

Robert immediately bestowed Aighton, together with Great Mitton and other manors, upon Ralph le Rous, who was to hold them by the service of half a knight’s fee.?? This grant was between 1135 and 1141 confirmed by Ilbert de Lacy, who in his charter styled Ralph ‘my brother.’ Ralph was ancestor of the Mitton family, who retained possession for some t§o years, though there is little to record of their tenure.23 In 1204 Stephen de Hamerton claimed

10 Lancs. and Ches. Antig. Soc. xii, 30 5 xiii, 27.

11 Cromwell and his force, hastening to meet the Duke of Hamilton, on 16 Aug. ‘came at night to Mr. Shire- burne’s house called Stonyhurst, about Hodder Water, where the general lodged that night, and his army encamped within

li, 56, 127.

30-4.

of Engl. Cath. iii, 332-8 3 Pal. Note Bk.

M4 Baines, Lancs. (ed. 1836), tii, 370. 5 Statistics from Bd. of Agric. (1905). 16 Gerard, op. cit. 98. 18 Lancs. and Ches. Antig. Soc. xviii, There are eight ancient crosees named and several modern ones.

a plough-land in Aighton against Hugh de Mitton, but released his right in 1208 on receiving 14 marks from Hugh.** Ralph son of Robert de Mitton in 1235 secured from Jordan de Wheatley the acknow- ledgement of his title to half an oxgang of land in Aighton,” and seven years later Ralph was holding the fourth part of a knight’s fee in Aighton, &c., being part of the dower of the Countess of Lincoln.*® He was party to various suits in 1246 respecting tenements in Aighton,*’ and his widow Margery was claiming dower in certain lands there as late as 1291.78

Before 1300 Aighton was either sold or reverted to the Earl of Lincoln as lord of Clitheroe, or else a mesne manor had been created in favour of Margaret de Holland, whose second husband Robert de Hephale held of the earl the eighth part of a knight’s fee there.2* Robert granted his manor cf Aighton with various lands to Ralph son of Sir Ralph de Mitton for

Cross or Sr. Paurinus on THE FeLis, AIGHTON

life.20 It appears that Ralph de Mitton held some lordship in Aighton as early as 12765); in 1284 he claimed a tenement there against Anabil widoa of

22 Thid. 385.

23 Whalley Couch. (Chet. Soc.), iii, 680. The succession—Hugh, d. 1709 -s. Robert -s. Sir Ralph -s. Jordan, ~s. John —is shown by the Cockersand Chartul. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 520-3.

Cur. Reg. R. 333 Final Conc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 34.

W Ibid. 80.

The

the park. Had a council of war that night in which it was concluded to fight the duke if he abode’; War in Lancs. (Chet. Soc.), 65. After his victory over the Scots he again stayed at Stonyhurst for a night ; ibid. 67.

There are several allusions to it in Cromwell's Letters (ed. Carlyle, 63, 64). He crossed the Hodder probably by the old higher bridge (predecessor of the pre- sent one), at which point a council of war was held ; Gerard, op. cit. 62. The second stay was probably on 24 Aug.

12 T. C. Smith, Longridge, 31. :

13 Dict, Nat. Biog. ; Gillow, Bibl. Dict.

oldest, perhaps, is that known as St. Paulinus’ Cross, of peculiar form ; it is placed at Kemple End, high up on the Fell.

Another ancient socket has had a new cross shaft inserted by Mr. W. W. Simp- son of Winkley.

19In 1540 John Gill of ‘Aghton’ (? Aighton) was charged with putting his hemp into St. Michael’s Well, near a cer- tain stream called the Stone Brook. The place may be Aughton near Ormskirk.

20 V.C.H. Lancs. i, 288.

21 Farrer, Lancs. Pipe R. 3823 five plough-lands in all were given.

2

3 Ibid. i, 60.

6 Lancs. Ing. and Extents (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 150.

27 He successfully resisted a claim for an acre of wood put forward by Osbert de Daniscoles, while Vitalis de Hope with- drew a claim against him; Aasize R. 404, m. I, 11.

28 De Banco R. go, m. 98d.

9 Lancs. Inz. and Extents, i, 319. For Margaret de Holland see the accounts of Bolton and Chorley and Final Conc. ii, 80.

* Kuerden MSS. iii, A 3, no. 60.

31 Assize R. 405, m. 3a.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED wirron carr on)

Jordan de Mitton,®? and was in 1292 called to warrant lands.33 In 1304 Ralph gave his manor of Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley to Margery widow of Robert de Hephale and received it from her for life.34 Margaret afterwards married Adam Banastre, who in 1311 was recorded as holding of the Earl of Lincoln a plough- land in Aighton by the service of the eighth part of a knight’s fee and a rent of g¢.2° In 1313-14 the

lords of the place were Adam Banastre, Margaret then —

his wife, and Denise widow of Ralph de Mitton.36

John son of Richard son of Henry de Clitheroe in 1323-4 claimed common of turbary in Aighton against Margaret widow of Adam Banastre,’7 and similar claims were put forward by others against her in conjunction with (her son) John son of Robert de Hephale, Denise widow of Ralph de Mitton and Bernard son of Thomas de Gressingham.38 After Margaret’s death her manors were divided among her daughters—Alice wife of Robert de Shireburne, Agnes wife (1) of Henry de Lea and (2) of Robert de Horncliff, but apparently childless, Joan wife of Thomas (or Robert) de Arderne, who left a son Thomas, and Katherine wife of John de Harrington.*® The heirs of Margaret Banastre held Aighton in 1346-5 5.4

Robert de Shireburne appears to have acquired as owner or tenant the shares of his sisters-in-law, so becoming lord of the whole manor.*! There are, however, occasional traces of the other lordships, for a fourth part of the manor of Aighton was included in the Horncliff estate in 1331.4? In July 1352, when John son of Hugh de Hacking claimed two messuages, &c., in Aighton against William de Yarrowdale, the defendant called the representatives of Margaret Banastre to warrant him—viz. Alice widow of Robert de Shireburne, John de Harring- ton the elder and his wife Katherine and Thomas de Arderne (son of Joan).43 Of these John de Harrington of Farleton, in right of Katherine his wife, in 1359 hada rent of 60s. from tenements in Aighton held for life by John de Bailey,#4 and the

*” Assize R. 1268, m. 12.

33 Ibid. 408, m. 32d.

4 Kuerden, loc. cit. Robert de Shire- burne was a witness to Margery’s charter.

35 De Lacy Ing. (Chet. Soc.), 17. At

the same time John de Daniscoles held cited later.

89 See the account of Chorley.

40 Feud, Aids, iii, 88. to have been John de Harrington, Thomas de Arderne and John de Bailey.

41 As in the Inq. p.m, of John de Bailey

Harrington interest in the manor continued to be recognized in the inquisitions of the family and their successors the Mounteagles until 1576, when Sir Richard Shireburne compounded with Lord Mount- eagle for the 60s. free rent which had till then been paid.4? In 1409 Thomas de Chamber son and heir of Elizabeth daughter and heir of Joan daughter and heir of Sir Thomas de Arderne released to John de Bailey and Robert de Towneley all his title in the fourth part of the manor of Aighton with lands, &c., formerly belonging to Sir Thomas.**

The Shireburne family had had the manor of Hambleton in Amounderness from the early part of the 13th century.47 Robert son of John de Shireburne occurs in 1292,*8 and later became seneschal of Clitheroe, being so described in the attestations of charters,#® &c. In 1313 he was pardoned for his share in the execution or murder of Piers Gaveston, having been an adherent of the Earl of Lancaster,*° and about 1326 he was made a knight.5! He received from Margaret widow of Adam Banastre in 1329 her manor of Aighton,*? and four years later, in conjunction with Alice his wife, granted a fourth part of the manor of Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley to their son Robert.5? Sir Robert and Alice his wife were living in 1338,°4 but Alice was a widow in 1342 5 she in 1353 granted to Sir John Tempest and Katherine his wife the crops growing on certain of her lands.*8

Sir Robert appears to have been succeeded by his son Sir John de Shireburne,*” who fought at Crecy and Calais 58; but another son, William, had half the manor of Aighton in 1349, and in 1351 John Boteler and others were charged with abducting Ismania wife of William de Shireburne.®° Sir John

Suirzgurne. Argent a lion rampant vert,

13353 Pink and Beaven, Parl. Repre. of Lancs, 25. He seems to have died about that time without issue, and in 1336 John de Shireburne appears ; ibid.

54 Kuerden MSS, ii, fol. 260,

55 Thid,

They appear

zo acres in Daniscoles, paying 6s. rent ; ibid. 18.

36 Assize R.424,m. 7d. Adam Banas- tre alone was defendant in 1312 to a claim for a messuage and land put for- ward by Henry son of Robert Atte Hall of Aighton ; De Banco R. 195, m. 150d.

37 Assize R. 425, m. 1.

38 Ibid. m. 4d. The plaintiffs were Roger son of Richard Nowell and Ellen his wife and Richard son of Gilbert the Harper. In the following year, as Mar- garet widow of Robert de Hephale, she was again defendant; Assize R. 426, m.1d. Richard de Hephale was plain- tiff in 13323; De Banco R. 288, m. 334.

In 1334 Sir Richard de Holland claimed a messuage, mill, two plough- lands, &c., in Aighton against William de Livesey, Alice his wife, Adam the son of William, Avice his wife and Richard de Bury. The defence was that there was only one plough-land, and that Sir Richard had been convicted of felony ; Coram Rege R. 297, m. 128. This case incidentaliy exhibits the custody of the Assize Rolls at that time.

42 Final Cone. ii, 80.

48 Duchy of Lanc. Assize R. 2, m. vd.

44Ing. p.m. 36 Edw. III, pt. i, No. 99. 4 Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 38, m. 59; and the Shireburne Abstract Bk. at Leagram Hall. This book gives notes of two payments in the time of Henry V and later.

46 Dep. Keeper’s Rep. xxxiii, App. 10.

47 See the account of that township, Carleton, &c. John de Shireburne occurs in 1262 (Final Conc. i, 136); John and Eva his wife in 1281 ; De Banco R. 43,

m. 3.

48 Assize R. 408, m. 59d.

49 E.g. Dods. MSS. cxlix, fol. 375.

50 Palgrave, Parl. Writs.

§1 At the beginning of that year he was excused knighthood till Whitsuntide ; ibid.

52 Kuerden MSS, iii, A3, no. 64.

58 Ibid. no. 67. Robert son of Robert de Shireburne had in 1331 ‘put in his claim’ in a settlement of the manors ; Final Conc. ii, 8t. He was probably the Robert who was knight of the shire in

3

56 Ibid. ili, A3, no. 69.

57 Sir Robert gave lands in Much Hoole and Formby to his son John in 1338, and in 1345 Sir John de Shireburne made a grant of lands in Hoole ; Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 260.

In 1343 Sir John de Shireburne and John de Charnley were charged with killing a servant of Nicholas Bagot at the Cartford on Ribble Sand, but were found not guilty ; Assize R. 430, m. 31 d. (32).

58 Crecy and Calais (Will. Salt Soc. xviii), 35, 100, &c.

Sir John had a wife Margaret, who afterwards married William de Dransfield and was living in 1391; Final Conc. iii, 38. 59 Kuerden MSS. iii, A3, no. 66 ; the seal bears a lion rampant. Robert de Shireburne and William his brother are mentioned in 1323 ; Coram Rege R. 254, m. 42.

60 Assize R. 434, m. 2. Ismania may have been a widow then, as she was in 1354, when claiming dower in Hamble- ton; Duchy of Lanc. Assize R. 3, m, iij.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

left two sons Robert and Richard ; the former was in 1349 married to Emma daughter of Sir William de Plumpton,®! but must have died shortly afterwards, for in 1351, on being betrothed to Alice, sister of Emma, Richard was described as son of Sir John de Shire- burne and heir-apparent of Alice widow of Sir Robert de Shireburne.®? Sir Richard de Shireburne in 1361 granted to Richard de Bailey and others the moiety of the manor of Aighton lately belonging to his uncle William.® He died in or before 1370, when his widow Alice claimed the custody of his son Richard.®4 Of this son nothing further is known, and his sisters Joan and Margaret succeeded, the latter becoming sole heiress. Margaret was by 1377 married to Richard son of John de Bailey,° and her son adopted Shireburne as his surname.

John de Bailey, ancestor of the later Shireburne or Sherburne family, was seated at STONY HURST. This was the name of some land in Aighton granted before 1209 by Hugh son of Jordan de Mitton to Ellis son of Alexander de Winkley,®® who obtained a confirmation from Hugh’s son Robert.§7 The new owner probably took Stonyhurst for a surname, several of the family attesting local charters. About 1290 Henry de Wath and Margaret his wife granted to Walter son of Jordan de Bailey the land called the Stonyhurst which they had acquired from Thomas Loucoks of Stonyhurst 8 ; a fine of 1292 appears to be in confirmation of it. John son of Walter de Bailey made in 1323 an exchange of lands in Aighton with William de Winkley,” and acquired other lands there in 1330 and later.’! He in 1349 obtained a moiety of the manor from William de Shireburne, and this was settled upon him and his male issue in 1361.77 John son of Walter de Bailey was still living in 1370 and 1371,"3 being probably the John

de Bailey the elder who attested a deed in the latter year.”4 He is said to have died in 1372.”

John son of John de Bailey appears in 1364 as making a feoffment of lands in Dutton received from John son of Walter de Bailey 7° ; he acquired lands in Aighton in 136777 and 1376,"8 while in 1372 he obtained licence for an oratory at Stonyhurst.’® At his death in 1391 John de Bailey held the Shireburne manor of Aighton, either as trustee for his grandson Richard or by purchase. One fourth part was said to be held of the Duke of Lancaster in chief, another fourth by knight’s service, another of Sir Nicholas de Harrington by a rent of 60s. and the other of the heirs of Sir Thomas de Arderne by 635. 4¢. a year!

Sir Nicholas de Harrington was the guardian of Richard de Bailey and Agnes his wife.8? Mabel the widow of John in 1403 demised her dower lands in Aighton to Richard son and heir of Richard son and heir of John de Bailey.8 In 1414 the same Richard held a fourth part of the manor of Sir Thomas de Arderne, ‘rendering 4 marks a year to John de Bailey, which yearly rent, together with the rever- sion of the said fourth part, &c., the aforesaid John lately had of the gift and grant of William Mountford and Elizabeth his wife, daughter and heir of Joan daughter and heir of the said Sir Thomas.’ * Richard was knight of the shire in 1420,°5 and died in 1441 holding the manor of Aighton of the king as Earl of Lincoln in socage ; with manors and lands elsewhere, as in Hambleton, Poulton, Freckleton, Longton, Chorley and Bolton-le-Moors.®° By his will he pro- vided for the inclosing of St. Nicholas’ chapel in Mitton Church,®” to which Agnes his widow, who died in 1445, was al.o a benefactor.58

His son Richard, as appears from his monumental inscription,® had died a few days before him, so that

61 Kuerden MSS. ii, ful. 260.

62 Ibid. iii, A 3, no. 68.

63 Tbid. no. 72; the seal shows six fusils in fesse charged with escallops.

®4 De Banco R. 440, m. 20 ; the defen- dant was Robert son of William de Clifton. Alice afterwards married Sir John Boteler, and in 1373 released her right to dower in lands in Aighton for- merly belonging to William son of Sir Robert de Shireburne ; Kuerden MSS. ii, A 3, no. 70.

6 Dods. MSS, cliii, fol. ror; an in- denture between Sir John Boteler and John de Bailey.

66 Stonyhurst Coll. D.; the bounds, which at several points were indicated by oak trees, began at an alder trunk in the Stonyway by the arable land in Stony- hurst, went east to Thuvicarr, then north to a strip of land round Ellis’s houses, and by it to Stony Brook, running west ; then south and east to the starting-point.

67 Tbid.

68 Robert de Hephale, seneschal of Blackburnshire, was one of the wit- nesses.

Jordan de Bailey is named in 1257; Lanes. Ing. and Extents, i, 204. Jordan son of Jordan de Bailey was plaintiff in 1292; Assize R. 408, m. 4.

Amice widow of Jordan de Bailey, William de Edisforth and Margaret his wife were in 1312 defendants to a claim by Thomas de Bradhurst in right of his wife Agnes ; De Banco R. 195, m. 153 d.; 199, m. 60

89 Final Conc. i, 1763 a messuage, 8 acres of land, &c.

70 Towneley MS. DD, no. 644.

71 Christiana widow of William Pye of Clitheroe and daughter of Adam son of Roger de Clitheroe in 1330 released to him the Aighton lands of Richard son of William de Edisforth; deed cited in Duchy of Lance, Assize R. 7,m. 5d. In 1346 John de Bailey claimed messuages and land in Aighton against Adam son of Henry Harrison of Aighton, and appears as plaintiff or defendant two years later ; De Banco R. 348, m. 1943 354, m. 82 d.; 355, m. 124.

™ Kuerden MSS. iii, A 3, no. 65-6. In the same year, as stated in the text, Sir Richard de Shireburne granted a moiety of the manor to Richard son of John son of Walter de Bailey, Jordan de Bailey chaplain and Ralph son of Robert de Bailey ; ibid. no. 72.

73 Add. MS. 32107, no. 888, 872.

74 DD, no. 658.

7 Gerard, Stonyhurst Coll. 44. The seal of John de Bailey, 1365, bore an eagle displayed; Towneley MS. C8, 13 (Chet. Lib.), 563.

76 Kuerden MSS. ii, fol. 260.

77 Final Conc. ii, 173; from Adam son of John de Blackburn and Alice his wife.

7 DD, no. 670; Adam de Winkley granted a toft, &c., adjoining Stonyhurst to John son of John de Bailey in exchange for three plats of land and wood called the Pighle, Hodderford ridding and the Foxholes adjoining Winkley. The seal bore an eagle displayed.

79 Gerard, op. cit. 45.

81 Lancs. Ing. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), i, 44.

4

The last-named rent is probably an error for 535. qd., i.e. 4 marks. John de Bailey in 1391 made provision for the singing of 300 masses for his soul and the souls of his parents, &c., by one or more honest chaplains within two years; Add. MS. 32106, no. 195.

82 Final Conc. ili, 38.

83 Kuerden MSS. iii, A 3, no. §9.

%4 Ibid. no. 74. See note 46 above. Bailey was probably trustee for Richard.

% Pink and Beaven, Parl. Repre. of Lancs. 51. In 1423 he acquired from Richard son of William del Riddings land at Winkley which had in 1331 been granted by John del Riddings to his brother William to be held of the chief lords by a rent of 7d.; Add. MS. 32305, no, 1026, 1136. The Shireburne seal appended to a feoffment of the manor of ‘Wiswell in 1429 bears quarterly 1 and 4, a lion rampant; 2 and 3, an eagle dis- played ; Kuerden MSS. ili, A 3, no. 76.

Richard Shireburne and Agnes his wife in 1421 obtained the pope’s licence for a portable altar; Cal. Papal Letters, vii, 330.

8€ Lancs. Rec. Ing. p.m. no. 30, 31 3 the clear annual value of the manor of Aighton was £20.

8’ Test. Ebor. (Surtees Soc.), ii, 75. This bequest reads: ‘Also I will that a closet be made honestly at the said altar of St. Nicholas upon my cost.’ He bequeathed vestments, &c., for the priest saying mass there and desired to be buried in the chapel. 88 Ibid. ii, 105.

89 Whitaker, Whalley, ii, 493, refer- ring to Harl. MS. 804, fol. 994

LNOUY TVdIONIYG + LSHAHANOLG + NOLLIJAT

BLACKBURN HUNDRED wirron crarr of)

the heir was a grandson named Robert, son of the younger Richard by his wife Alice Hamerton,” and only six years of age. Little is recorded of Robert’s fifty years’ tenure of the manor.” He died in 1492 holding Aighton of Sir Edward Stanley, successor of Harrington, by the rent of 60s. ; also various other manors and lands. Provision had been made in 1489 for Thomas and Roger, younger sons, and in 1491 for Anne daughter of Sir Thomas Talbot, who was to marry Hugh grandson of Robert. The heir was Robert’s son Sir Richard Shireburne, then thirty years of age.” He died in 1513 holding the manor as before, and leaving a son Hugh, thirty years of age, to inherit.°* Hugh’s son Thomas of full age succeeded in 1528," but did not long continue, dying in 1535-6,° during his term of office as sheriff.

Richard the son and heir of Thomas was said to be ten years old at his father’s death.” He held the manor for nearly sixty years, and for most of the time was one of the leading men in the county. In 1544 he was made a knight during the invasion of Scotland in that year, Edinburgh being captured.°® He was a member of the Parliaments of Mary’s time,” but not later; nor was he ever sheriff. Religion probably kept him from these employments after 1559, for such as he was he favoured Roman Catholicism.’° Towards the end of his life, about 1$g1, it was reported to the queen’s ministers that Sir Richard and his family ‘are recusants and do not go to church, or if they do, stop their ears with wool lest they should hear ; that he kept a priest.in Queen Mary’s time ; had one brought to confess his wife when ill; relieves Richard Startevant, who is con- versant with Dr. Allen and other Jesuits and is

suspected to be a Jesuit, and for that reason he put Roger Startevant out of the book for payment of this subsidy ; that he says he could apprehend massing priests but will disturb no man for his conscience ; that he threatens revenge, with death, against those that preferred the articles against him ; that he has several times, from 1585 to 1588, laid upon the inhabitants of Lancashire too high taxes for soldiers, and kept the money in his hands and refuses to account for it ; that he threatens to hang constables by martial law unless they collect the sums so taxed ; that he retains sundry sums due to people on the end of the last lottery ; that he threatened vengeance on Simon Haydock, who refused to sell him lands at Chorley, if he continued in his lieutenancy ; that he has been guilty of incest and adultery ; and_ has never lent the queen money by privy seal, though worth more than {1,000 a year.’ He was at one time a member of the Ecclesiastical Commission of the North, the object of which was to exterminate Roman Catholicism.'* He was master forester of Bowland, a deputy-lieutenant of the county and the Earl of Derby’s lieutenant of the Isle of Man." He married Maud Bold, and had several children by her, as well as illegitimate offspring by various mistresses ; one of these he married immediately after his wife’s death in 1588.' ‘Though involved in a great num- ber of lawsuits'® he prospered, adding much to the family wealth; he rebuilt the Shireburne aisle in Mitton Church,” and began a new hall at Stony- hurst,'® which his son continued.

Sir Richard died 26 July 1594 holding the manors of Aighton, Wiswell, Dutton, Carleton, Hambleton, Longton, Bispham, Norcross and Whittingham ; a moiety of the manor of Chorley, a

90 In 1422 an agreement was made by which Richard son of Richard Shireburne was to marry Maud daughter of Lawrence Hamerton ; Towneley MS. HH, no. 101.

1 Sir John Boteler in 1447 released to Robert Shireburne the younger all right in various lands ; Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.), 145. In 1467 a covenant was made that ‘an honest secular priest’ should celebrate mass four times a week at ‘the chapel of the manor of Stony- hurst’ for various persons deceased 3 Foley, Rec. S. J. v, 401, from the Shire- burne Abstract Bk. at Leagram.

92 Duchy of Lance. Inq. p.m. iii, no. 92 5 the tenure of the manor of Aighton seems to be imperfectly recorded.

A papal dispensation for the marriage of Richard Shireburne to Joan Langton was granted in 1472; Test. Ebor. iii, 341.

98 Duchy of Lanc. Ing. p.m. iv, no. 46 His will (1508) is recited.

Hugh Shireburne was accused of adultery in 15173 Whalley Act Bk. (Chet. Soc.), 55, 66.

Duchy of Lanc. Ing. p.m. vi, no. 65; the tenure of Aighton was recorded as ‘of the king as of his earldom of Lincoln’ in socage by a rent of gd. Dower was in 1537 assigned to Anne widow of Hugh Shireburne ; ibid. viii, no, 27. For the administration of his estate see Whalley Act Bs. 119.

% Duchy of Lanc. Ing. p.m. viii, no. 33; the manor of Aighton was held of the king as Earl of Lincoln, a rent of 9d. being due for castle ward. In addition to the manors and lands in his possession Thomas Shireburne had the reversion of others held for life by his uncle Roger

Shireburne in Carleton, &c. ; by Richard Shireburne in Wiswell, &c.; by Thomas bastard son of Sir Richard in Leyland, &c. ; and by Robert son of Hugh Shireburne in Aighton,

In 1529-30 Thomas Shireburne was accused of poaching in the forest of Bow- land ; C. D. Sherborn, Family of Sherborn, 25.

96 P.R.O. List, 73.

97 The age may have been understated. Special licence of entry was granted him in 1544; Dep. Keeper's Rep. xxxix, App. 559. He was married at Farnworth in Widnes on 26 Oct. 1539, but his wife’s name is not given; Reg.

88 Metcalfe, Bk. of Knights, 76.

99 In 1553, forthe county ; Nov. 1554, Preston; 1555, Liverpool; 1557-8, Preston ; Pink and Beaven, op. cit. 63, 143, 181, 144.

100 He may be the ‘ Master Shireburne’ of George Marsh's story who was at Lathom when this Protestant preacher was examined there by the Earl of Derby in 1554, He did not argue with Marsh, professing himself ignorant of the Scrip- tures, but lamented that ‘a well-favoured young man and one that might have good living and do good would so foolishly cast himself away, sticking so hard to such foolish opinions’ ; Foxe, Acts and Monum, (ed. Cattley), vii, 43-4.

101 Ca/, S. P. Dom. 1591-4, p. 159. Richard Startevant was a confidential servant of Cardinal Allen’s in 1583; Knox, Douay Diaries, 193. About ten years later he seems to have begun his studies for the priesthood ; Foley, Rec. S. J. vi, 194.

102 He was said to use his position to

5

be ‘an intelligencer to the Papists of Lancashire’ ; Gibson, Lydiate Hall, quot- ing S. P. Dom. Eliz. ccxl. Dodsworth is given as authority for the assertion that Elizabeth winked at his recusancy.

103 M.I. at Mitton ; Whitaker, Craven (ed. Morant), 24.

104 A pedigree was recorded in 1567 ; Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 58. The second wife was Isabel Wood. For the wills of Sir Richard and Dame Isabel see Raines, Chantries (Chet. Soc.), 267 5 Wills (Chet. Soc. new ser.), ii, 179.

Sir Richard’s portrait in oils and several other family pictures are preserved at Leagram Hall; Sherborn, op. cit. 35.

105 See Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), ii, 212 (Paradise in Aighton) ; iii, 11 (Dani- scoles in Aighton), 102 (Chaigley), &c.

106 The fines show a large number of purchases made by him in the Aighton district ; for instance, in 1556 he pur- chased two messuages, &c., in Aighton and Hambleton from Sir Thomas Hesketh and Alice his wife; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F, bdle. 16, m. 15. Lands in Aighton were held by Thomas Hesketh of Rufford in 1523, but the tenure was unknown ; Duchy of Lance. Ing. p.m. y, no. 16.

A purchase from John Grimshaw of Clayton is recorded in Add. MS. 32105, no, 877.

A settlement was made in 1579; Pal. of Lanc, Feet of F. bdle. 41, m. 199.

107 Whitaker, Craven, quoting Dods. MSS. v, 41. Sir Richard in his will desired to be buried ‘in the midst of my new quire.’ The same expression occurs in his sen Richard’s will, 1627.

108 Gerard, op. cit. §3-4.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

fourth part of that of Bolton-le-Moors ; the hundred, bailiwick and view of frankpledge of Leylandshire ; with messuages, lands, &c., in Aighton, Chaigley and Bailey and some thirty other townships ; fisheries in the Ribble, Hodder, Douglas and Wyre; also the manor of Wigglesworth and other estates in York- shire.109 Richard his son was thirty-seven years of age on succeeding." He was captain of the Isle of Man for fifteen years,!2! and in 1596 obtained from the Crown a lease of the barony of Bangor Sabell in Dalby there, which lease was renewed to his des- cendants.!!2 Perhaps more compliant in religion than his father,!13 he acted as sheriff in 1613-14.4 A pedigree was recorded about the same time.!§ He added to the family estates and died in 1628, leaving as heir his son Richard, thirty-seven years of age, the eldest son Henry having died before his father.!!®

Richard Shireburne, though lax in his religion at one time,” was prepared to suffer for it when he came into his inheritance, and in 1632 compounded for the two-thirds of the estates liable to sequestration for his recusancy by an annual payment of £48 135. 4.18 He took the king’s side in the Civil War,!® and on his monument is described as ‘an eminent sufferer for his loyal fidelity to King Charles I of ever-blessed memory.’!?9 His estates were of course sequestered by the Parliament, and at last his sufferings broke his spirit, for there is evidence that he recovered pos- session by renouncing his religion.!*!_ He lived to see the Restoration, dying in 1667.12 A pedigree was recorded in 1664.18

His son Richard, founder of the Shireburne Alms- houses and other charities, was under suspicion at the time of the Oates Plot. He, his wife Isabel and his sons Richard and Nicholas were indicted as recusants in 1678,}°4 while Stonyhurst was denounced as the centre of ‘a damnable Jesuit plot.” An account of it was published in 1679 by Robert Bolron, one of Lord Shaftesbury’s agents, under the title of The Papists Bloody Oath of Secrecy. He had been sent

down to search the house, and ‘in the chamber of the chaplain . . . he found a copy of the constitu- tions of the common fund for the Lancashire secular clergy, a charity still existing for the relief of infirm and decayed members. This document, written in Latin, dated 28 February 1675, and bearing the names of the members and officers,’ was denounced as a plot ‘ for the destruction of his most sacred Majesty and the Protestant religion.’ 125 At the Revolution Richard Shireburne was ar- rested as loyal to James II, and died in prison at Man- chester in 1689.16 His elder son Richard dying without issue in 1690 !?” was succeeded by the younger son Nicholas, who had been created a baronet in 1685-6.198 A settlement of Aighton and other manors was made by him on succeeding.!?9 Sir Nicholas remained faithful to the Stuarts and was accused of complicity in the alleged ‘Lancashire Plot’ of 1694.!8° He was probably too infirm to take part in the rising of 1715, and was not even charged as an accomplice, though in November, in readiness for the Jacobite incursion, a supper party at Stonyhurst spent the night in casting bullets and next morning took with them four of his coach horses, with guns and pistols.!8!_ He carried out his father’s charitable designs by building alms- houses and in other ways ; but his plans for improving the hall were checked by the sudden death of his only son Richard Francis in 1702.'8? His other child Mary in 1709 married Thomas the eighth Duke of Norfolk. Sir Nicholas registered his estates as a ‘Papist’ in 1717, the annual value being set down as £1,150.1%3 He died in the same year,!4 and his daughter recorded his character as a man of

Suirepurne of Stony-

hurst, baronet. Argent a lion rampant guardant wert.

Richard the son occurs in a list of

09 Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xvi, no. 3; the manor of Aighton was said to be held of the queen as of the earldom of Lincoln in socage.

M0 Livery was granted on 17 Feb. 1594-5; Dep. Keeper’s Rep. xxxix, App. 559. A feoftment by Richard Shireburne in 1597, mentioning his former wife Katherine and his then wife Anne, is in Add. MS. 32106, no. 773. The will of Anne Shireburne may be seen ibid. no. 104.3.

11 Whitaker, Whalley, ii, 490, quoting his epitaph. His wife Katherine Stourton was niece to Henry Earl of Derby, lord of Man. She died at Kirkmalee, near Castle Rushen, leaving three surviving children, Henry, Richard and Katherine; four had died ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.

12 Thid. ; renewals in 1669 and 1698 are recorded,

113. In the epitaph quoted is a prayer for the dead. 4 P.R.O. List, 73.

1s Visit, of 1613 (Chet. Soc.), 27.

M6 Duchy of Lane. Ing. p.m. xxvi, no.4. His will is in Wills (Chet. Soc. new ser.), ii, 199. He had an illegitimate daughter; Cal, S. P. Dom, 1619-23, PP. 239, 362.

117 He was godfather to one of Sir Ralph Assheton’s children (a Protestant) in 1617; Assheton’s Journal (Chet. Soc.),16.

N8 Trans, Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xxiv, 178.

In 1642 he desired permission ‘to go to the waters of Bourbon’ with his wife, daughter and servant ; Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. v, 63. The journey probably related to the education of his children on the Continent, as Richard his son was at St. Omers in 1643-6 ; Gerard, op. cit. 64.

9 A Mr. Shireburne of Stonyhurst was taken prisoner at Rowton Heath in 1645; Ches. Sheaf (Ser. 3), v, 18. This was perhaps not the head of the family.

120 Whitaker, Whalley, ii, 491.

171 Cal. Com. for Comp. iii, 19963 Cal. Com. for Advaacing Money, iii, 1362. It appeared that Richard Shireburne himself was not a convicted recusant, but his wife was; and ‘his children were educated in popery.’ The doubt arises from the appearance of more than one of the name. Richard of Stonyhurst had refused to come and take the oath of abjuration in 1651.

A settlement of his manors of Aighton, Bailey, Chaigley, Wiswell, Dutton, Ham- bleton and Longton, with extensive lands, two water-mills, two windmills, three dove- cotes, &c., was made by him in 1647; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F, bdle. 145, m. 4.

122 An abstract of his will is printed by C. D. Sherborn (op. cit. 45). It records the alienation of £4,000 from his son’s wife’s settlement on account of the alleged dishonesty of his son Richard.

128 Dugdale, Visit. (Chet. Soc.), 263.

M4 Hist, MSS. Com. Rep. xiv, App. iv,

-

9

109. *Papists fled from justice’ in 1680 ; ibid. xi, App. ii, 240.

125 J, Gillow, Bibl. Dict. of Engl. Cath, iv, 326 ; ‘in the document which he prints the wretched informer has cut out every- thing which would denote the real object of the association.’ See also Pal. Note Bk. ii, 8, 41.

126 M.I. in Mitton Church. A mortu- ary list of his time (copied 1724) shows that the priest at Chipping was ‘to cele- brate three times a week, offering up one mass for Richard Shireburne of Stony- hurst, esquire, and Isabel his wife,’ &c. ; Foley, Rec. S. J. v, 339- 127 ML.

12 G.E.C. Complete Baronetage, iv, 138.

129 Pal. of Lanc. Plea R. 452, m. 7.

180 Jacobite Trials (Chet. Soc.), 3, &c.

181 Payne, Rec. of Engl. Cath. 145-6.

182 He was only eight years old. The tradition is that he died of eating some poisonous berries in the garden at Stony- hurst.

133 Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Carh, Non-jurors, 114, 200, 309. He had large estates in Yorkshire and Northumberland as well as in Lancashire. A catalogue of the Shireburne deeds, made for him in 1715, is preserved at Leagram Hall. He compiled a pedigree of his family, now at Lulworth.

134 M.I. in Mitton Church ; Whitaker, Whalley, ii, 491-2.

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great humanity, sympathy and concern for the good of mankind . . . He particularly set his neighbour- hood a-spinning of Jersey wool and provided a man to comb the wool and a woman who taught them to spin, whom he kept in his house and allotted several rooms he had in one of the courts of Stonyhurst for them to work in, and the neighbours came to spin accordingly . . . from April 1699 to August 1701. When they had all learnt he gave the nearest neigh- bour each a pound or half a pound of wool ready for spinning, and wheel, to set up for themselves ; which did a vast deal of good to that north side of Ribble in Lancashire.’ 185

The Duchess of Norfolk occasionally resided at Stonyhurst in her husband’s lifetime, and it became her home in her widowhood, 1732 to 1754.138 She held the estates in fee simple and bequeathed them to the next-of-kin, the issue of her aunt Elizabeth, sister of Sir Nicholas, who had married William Weld of Lulworth in Dorset. Their grandson, Edward Weld, who died in 1761, became lord of Aighton, but did not reside there,!8’ and his son Thomas ¥8 in 1794 gave the hall and 44 acres of land around it tothe Jesuits of the Liége Academy,}89 the successor of St. Omers, founded in 1592; and they established the school there. Thomas Weld had been a pupil of the college while it was stationed at Bruges, 1762 to 1773, and had the satisfaction of seeing his old school beginning to prosper in the place he had given ; he died suddenly at Stonyhurst 1 August 1810, having travelled thither to be present at the opening of new buildings.“? His son Thomas Weld, left a widower, was ordained priest in 1821 and was appointed a cardinal in 1829. He sold considerable parts of the Aighton estates and died in 1837.!41 His trustees and heir sold the manor of Aighton to the college in 1841, subject toa rent- charge of £6 for the poor of Leagram.4? The college also acquired various parts of the estates as they were sold.

135 Whitaker, Whalley, ii, 491-2. Sir

of the hundred of Leyland; the manors

In 1836 courts for Aighton and Chaigley were held by Cardinal Weld,'* and the Aighton manor court continued to be held down to 1900 by the rector of Stonyhurst and the college trustees.!44

Situated on the lower slope of Longridge Fell ‘ the turrets of princely STONYHURST | rise amid a pleasantly wooded country. Of the house !4° that existed prior to the time of Sir Richard Shireburne no portion now remains except a few fragments, here- after referred to, which have been preserved. There is enough evidence, however, in old prints and from other sources to give some idea of the mediaeval mansion, the principal part of which seems to have stood somewhere about the north-east corner of the present quadrangle. On this site there were standing well into the 19th century a number of quaint and ancient buildings !47 which when taken down revealed traces of a structure said to have been of late 14th or early 1sth-century date.148 The destruction of the buildings known as the old infirmary, or Sparrow’s Hall,° on the north side of the quadrangle in 1856 brought to light what were thought to be traces of the chapel for which a licence was obtained in 1372, including some carved oak spandrels similar in style to those in the roof of Mitton Church, which date from the late years of the reign of Edward III,!° and in a further demolition in the kitchen court in 1861 a portion ofan old window with moulded oak mullions, said to have been of late 14th-century date, which had been hidden by an 18th-century structure put up in front of it, was discovered.

These fragments, though revealing very little as to the size or appearance of the mediaeval house, seem to indicate that a building of some importance occupied part of the present site some 200 years or more before the present building was begun by Sir Richard Shireburne. To these buildings, whatever they were like, Hugh Shireburne, the grandfather of the Elizabethan builder, seems to have made con- siderable additions about the year 1523, some

M45 Grindon, Lancs, 207, 331.

Nicholas and his lady, among their other charities, used to give ‘on All Souls’ Day a considerable deal of money to the poor ; Lady Shireburne serving them with her own hands that day.’

The ‘Stonyhurst Buck Hunt,’ an old ballad naming Sir Nicholas, the Duke of Norfolk, Mr. Penketh and others, is printed in N. and Q. (Ser. 1), x, 503. Many interesting details of Sir Nicholas’ life and character will be found in Gerard, op. cit. 40, 69-75. A note of Lady Shireburne’s nuncupative will is printed in Payne’s Rec, of Engl. Cath. 26.

186 A settlement of the manors of Aighton, Bailey, Chaigley, Dutton, Wis- well, Carleton, Hambleton, Leagram and Ribchester, with other Shireburne estates, was made in 1719 by Thomas Duke of Norfolk and Mary his wife; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 284, m. 81. In 1737 there was a recovery by Mary Dowager Duchess of Norfolk; Pal. of Lanc. Plea R. 544, m. 13. An estate map of 1733 showing the Shireburne lands at that time is now at Stonyhurst.

The duchess married her kinsman the Hon. Peregrine Widdrington, a Jacobite who was ‘out’ in 17153 G.E.C. Com- plete Peerage, vi, 56.

187 For the later descents see Burke, Commoners, i, 198-9 and Landed Gentry.

138 Thomas Weld in 1777 was tenant

of Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley, Chorley, Longton, Great Carleton, Hambleton, Dutton, Ribchester, Wiswell, Howath and Stidd; the advowson of Mitton ; lands, &c.; Pal. of Lanc. Plea R. 625, m. 10d, 16, 40 (recovery).

139 He afterwards gave Hodder Place and lands there. A formal deed of gift was executed in 1809. See Gerard, op. cit. 39, 91, 115, 136.

It appears that Mr. Weld had in 1772 offered it to Bishop William Walton for a residence, on condition that the Jesuit chaplain should remain, but the offer was declined. Afterwards in 1793 he would have given it to the English students expelled from Douay by the French Revolution, again on condition that the Jesuits should have charge ; Gillow, Bidl. Dict. of Engl. Cath. iv, 327.

M40 Gerard, op. cit. 136.

141 [bid. 137 (there is a portrait, ibid. 92); Dict. Nat. Biog. He hada daughter Mary Lucy, who married Lord Clifford of Chudleigh. His brothers were Joseph Weld of Lulworth and George Weld of Leagram.

142 End. Char. Rep. for Whalley (White- well), 1902, p. 3.

143 Baines, Lancs. (ed. 1), ili, 371 5 the dependency on Clitheroe was still recog- nized.

144 Information of Fr. J. Keating.

7

146 In the following account of Stony- hurst Hall use has been made of the Rev. John Gerard’s Stonyhurst College Centenary Record, 1894, and also of the articles by the Rev. C. S. Beauclerk in the Stonyhurst Mag. 1885. ‘The editors also wish to put on record their thanks to the authorities at the college for in- formation and help most readily given.

147 Gerard, op. cit. 47.

148 “One of these relics is still to be seen, though removed from its original position, in the shape of a round-headed stone doorway, through which was the passage from the house to the back pre- mises. . . . It isnow (1894) in the inner dairy’ ; ibid. 48.

M9 Sparrow's Hall (so called after Mr. Sparrow, Mr. Weld’s steward, who resided there) was externally a building of later and uncertain but probably 16th-century date, of little or no archi- tectural interest.

150 “When the ceiling was pulled down an oaken roof was laid bare, the spandrels of every panel being carved with roses. At one end of the room was a recess’ ; record of an eye-witness of the demolition printed in the Sronyhurst Mag. i, 286. All these spandrels have disappeared ex- cept one, which, however, is not carved with roses; Stonyhurst Mag. (1885), Tol.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

portions of which, at the east end of the old south front, stood until 1807 and others till as late as 1861. The portion taken down in 1807 was entirely of wood and plaster, but had been refaced in the 18th century with stone and sash windows introduced. Standing to the south-east of the Elizabethan house, its north side fronted what is now the kitchen court, and the other fragments of the older house occurring on the north and north-east side of the present quadrangle suggest that the whole of the pre- Elizabethan mansion occupied a site more or less covered to-day by the buildings, the quadrangle and the kitchen yard. The minstrels’ gallery at the bottom of the great hall, now the boys’ refectory, constructed in 1857 out of timber from Hugh Shireburne’s buildings, bears the inscription in black- letter characters ‘Quant je puis Hugo Sherburn Armig . me fieri fecit Ao. Dni. MCCCCCXXIII. Et sicut fuit sic fiat,’ 151 and the external walling of Sparrow’s Hall, already referred to, may have been Hugh Shireburne’s work. Built into it were a number of carved stones which are supposed to have come from Whalley Abbey, but if this were so it would place the erection of the front after Hugh Shireburne’s death in 1528. The most interesting of these stones were two corbel angels bearing shields with the emblems of the Passion and above them an inscription ‘Sicut fuerit voluntas in coelo sic fiat Factum est hoc capellum anno. . .,’ not, however, in its original situation, as the words were misplaced.52_ There were also five stones in this part of the building carved with devices, two of which were evidently the arms of the Lacys, the founders and patrons of Whalley Abbey, viz. a lion rampant, which was their family cognizance, and three garbs which they bore as Constables of Chester.153

The exact date when Sir Richard Shireburne com- menced rebuilding the house is not known, though it is pretty certain that it was somewhere about the year 1590. In his will dated 1593 Sir Richard leaves to his eldest son ‘all his iron to build with, that he may finish the buildings therewith now already begun, also his lead provided to cover his house now in building at Stonyhurst, so that he may cover the same as far as it will go, also all his building stone and wrought timber at Stonyhurst.’!54 At his death in the following year the walls of practically the whole of the Elizabethan part of the house were probably not far from completion, at any rate as far as the great drawing-room at the south-east corner, beginning from the gateway tower. The plaster chimney-piece in that room, which is now destroyed, bore the date 1596 together with the initials of Sir Richard and his son. ‘If this room was ready for

151 Father Gerard also mentions another 153 Ibid. 100. piece of woodwork which bore the inscrip- tion ‘Factum est hoc opus per Hug’ Sherburn Arm. A°® Dni mpxin.’ From this it would appear that Hugh Shireburne began building operations of some descrip- tion as soon as he succeeded to the pro-

155 Thid.

the date 1599.

154 Quoted ibid. 31.

156 Tt bears the arms of Shireburne and Probably the great hall was completed about this time.

157 The Rev. C. S. Beauclerk has dis-

the plaster work in 1596 it looks as if the Building had well progressed at Sir Richard’s death in 1594, : and there is the further evidence of a stone, now in the great hall, the original position of which is uncertain, but which was probably over the fireplace there when the room was first built, that another portion of the mansion was completed three years later.156 The building of the new house may have started a few years before 1590, but the evidence of the masons’ marks shows that a very large number of workmen were employed and the progress of the work would be therefore rapid.1°7

The new mansion as conceived, and as partly carried out, by Sir Richard Shireburne was to be built round a central quadrangle measuring about 81 ft. by go ft., the sides facing approximately south-west, north-east, south-east and north-west !°*; but in the present description the south-west or entrance front, following the custom at Stonyhurst, is termed the west side, and the south-east or old garden front the south side. The design is one of considerable merit and of much regularity both in plan and elevation, and if com- pleted would have been one of the finest examples of early Renaissance architecture in the country. As it is, the existing portions of Sir Richard’s buildings, more especially the great entrance tower on the west front and the south and east sides of the quadrangle, are exceedingly good specimens of late 16th-century work, and merit far moreattention than has yet been paid to them by writers on English domestic architecture.

The building seems to have been begun at the entrance tower and continued along the west side of the quadrangle southwards, followed by the south and east wings as far as a point on the east side about opposite to where it began, no doubt there abutting against some of the older buildings already mentioned, others of which may have been demolished to make way for it. A considerable portion of the house (probably the whole of that built about seventy years before), however, was left standing to the east of the south wing, and the north side of the quadrangle was partly occupied, as has been already stated, by older buildings. No doubt Sir Richard originally intended them to make way for his completed quad- rangular mansion, but for some unknown reason the building was never finished according to what is supposed to have been the original plan, and the whole of the north wing and the northern ends of the east and west wings remained unbuilt. The gate-house tower, therefore, stood detached on its north side for something like 250 years, and is so shown in all old drawings and prints of Stonyhurst.

The plan of the building here reproduced is taken from one dated 1694,!° but whether this is a copy

fifty masons and increased this number to perhaps seventy as the work progressed. The evidence of the marks goes to show that the whole of the building was exe- cuted at onetime. Facsimiles of sixty-one marks are given ibid. 33. The ‘new choir’ built by Sir Richard at Mitton

petty.

13? Sronyhurst Mag. (1885), 100-1, where a sketch of the angel corbels is given. They are now, together with the inscription, built into the walls on the east side of the quadrangle. The inscrip- tion is very similar to that of Hugh Shireburne already mentioned. The form ‘capellum ’ is unusual.

cussed very fully the question of the masons’ marks at Stonyhurst (ibid. 30-7), and has noted the marks of over sixty men. There were probably more, many no doubt having been lost, parts of the walling being very much weather-worn and other parts are hidden or have been destroyed. Father Beauclerk assumes, therefore, that Sir Richard started his work with fully

8

Church bears the marks of six men, five of which correspond with marks at Stony- hurst.

155 Strictly speaking the entrance front is W.S.W., the other sides of the house facing the corresponding points.

159 The copy of this plan at Leagram Hall bears the name and date, ‘ Mr. Dudell 1604,’ but Father Gerard has pointed out

Mirron : Sronynurst, In 1808

(From a water-colour drawing by J. Buckler)

Mirron : SronyHurst : SourH Fronr

(From an old print)

BLACKBURN HUNDRED wrrron (PART OF)

made in Sir Nicholas Shireburne’s time of an older plan showing the building as originally projected, or whether it depicts a scheme of Sir Nicholas’ own for completing the unfinished mansion, is uncertain. There is unfortunately no scale attached to the plan, and the dimensions of the actual building do not fit it exactly !°° in every respect ; but generally speaking it is correct as far as the existing buildings are con- cerned, the positions of doors and windows being rightly shown.18

This plan, whatever its original date, is of great interest as showing the completed plan of the house as intended, at any rate, in the 17th century. In what is certainly the original part of the plan the great hall occupies the larger part of the east wing, with the dais at the south end flanked by large bay windows, and the south wing contained the long gallery. Between these two principal rooms, and forming a south-east projecting wing, was the great withdrawing-room, which had a large bay window facing the east. These rooms are all on the first floor, the bottom story following the early type and being cut up into a number of small rooms, the purpose of which can now only be conjectured. The great hall was approached directly from the courtyard by a wide stone staircase opposite the entrance gate- way, and the entrance itself seems to have been originally approached by a rather steep incline by which carriages and horses entered the courtyard.1®

The south end of the west wing seems to have been occupied by the chapel, which went up two stories, and in the angle between which and the narrow south wing was a picturesque projecting bay, with a small room on each floor and a circular stone staircase. A corresponding but smaller projection in the opposite angle carried up above the parapet seems to have contained a flue or ventilating shaft. The south or garden elevation was therefore very well broken up, and with the older buildings of Hugh Shireburne at its east end presented a very picturesque appearance. It is of course now hidden by the later school buildings which have been erected in front of it, and the whole of its eastern end destroyed. The kitchen and offices of the Elizabethan house would doubtless be located in the older buildings, the new mansion terminating at the north-east at the screens of the great hall or a little beyond.

The north wing as shown in the plan of 1694 was

intended to be more than double the width of the south or long gallery wing, and is shown divided down its centre by a thick wall with five passage rooms on the first floor on the south side and a large central staircase with two rooms on each side on the north. This part of the plan has more the appearance of a late 17th-century design for the completion of the Elizabethan structure than of an original 16th-century project, though no positive conclusion can easily be arrived at.

After Sir Richard Shireburne’s death his son con- tinued and completed the building as far as it had then gone, the work apparently not being finished till about the year 1606.'%8 It was thus, and remained till the 19th century, a ¢ halfhouse,’ !“4 the comple- tion of the quadrangle on something like the plan originally intended only having been finally carried out in 1856.6 The buildings as completed by Richard Shireburne the son remained as he had left them at his death in 1628 till nearly the close of the century, when Sir Nicholas Shireburne began the laying out of the grounds and that embellishment of the fabric which has given it some of its most charac- teristic features. The great avenue leading up to the west front, with the ponds or canals on either side, together with the gardens and summer-houses on the south, were in course of formation in 1696, and some buildings were erected on the north side of what is now the kitchen court in 1701.16 Sir Nicholas, if not exactly a great builder, was lavish in his expendi- ture on the house and gardens, and he is said to have resolved to complete the mansion. The idea may have been abandoned soon after the death of his son in 1702. He did not, however, cease ‘improving’ the house, as in 1703-4 he paved the quadrangle and refashioned the staircase on its east side leading to the great hall in a grander manner. The steps were adorned with lions and figures of eagles and the door- way at the top with his helm and crest.1” He also paved the great hall with white marble, put his escutcheon over the fireplace, and erected the door- way at the south side of the quadrangle at the bottom of the bay window. But perhaps the most notable piece of his work was the erection of the tall cupolas on the tops of the two staircase turrets, on the east side of the gateway tower. These were added in 1712. They are covered with domes of oak bricks and surmounted by lead eagles.18° The gardens came

(op. cit. §3) that this must be an error for 1694. Sir Nicholas’ own accounts and those of his steward Dalton show that there was at Stonyhurst in Sept. 1694 a Mr. Duddell who apparently came from London (Lulworth MSS.). This was the year that the spouts were put up in the quadrangle.

160 For example, taking the gateway tower and the south-west wing as correct, both measuring about 30 ft. on the west front, we get the length of the wall between in the plan as about 45 ft. instead of 51 ft. 6 in., which is its actual length.

161 There are one or two curious dis- crepancies. Thus the bay window at the south-west end of the great hall is not shown going up to the first floor, though the evidence of the building seems to prove that it always went up both stories as on the other side of the hall. The bay also in the middle of the south side is shown to the ground floor only.

7

162 The present steps to the west entrance seem to be a later insertion. Sir Nicholas, when he constructed the ponds and gardens on the south side of the house, moved large maases of soil, which he may have used in altering the level of the ground on the west side. See Stonyhurst Mag. (1885), 59.

163 That date, with the arms of James I, was formerly on the mantelpiece in the great hall.

164 Cromwell is said to have described Stonyhurst as ‘the finest half-house he had ever seen.’

165 The conjecture that Thomas Holt of York was the ‘architect’ of Stony- hurst seems to be based on the assumption that Holt was also the architect of the schools at Oxford and of Merton and Wadham Colleges, and also on the state- ment of Gwilt (Ency. of Archit. 414) that he ‘was the first to introduce the classical orders in series above each other.’ Holt, however, was reported in the University

9

of Oxford as aged forty in 1618 (see Dict. Nat. Biog.), which would make him about twelve years old when the work at Stonyhurst was in progress. Apart from this, if Holt’s claim to be the designer of the Oxford buildings named is disallowed, as it now generally is, his claim fails also at Stonyhurst.

166 The gabled building which still stands there bears this date in Roman numerals. Above one of the doorways is also the date 1699, but the doorway was brought to its present position from the old kennels which stood in the field to the north-west of the house ; Gerard, op. cit.

40

167 These steps remained in position till 1856, when they were taken away. They are now in the college grounds.

168 Turner, in his drawing of Stony- hurst, using the privilege of his imagina- tion and deeming them more in keeping with a Jesuit college, put crosses in the place of the eagles.

2

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

right up to the house on the south side, and were in the then prevalent Dutch style, with yew hedges, flights of stone steps, labyrinths, fountains and lead statues. They were entered at the south-west corner of the building through a great iron gate,'®* the stone piers of which are now in front of the west entrance. The ponds on the west side were enlarged to their present dimensions in 1706, and ‘in the centre of each a group of mythological figures formed foun- tains.’ 179 The west entrance probably took its present form at this time, the steps being then intro- duced and the carriageway to the quadrangle done away with. The inner or middle arch, though replacing an older one in the same position with a smaller doorway on the left-hand side, bears evidence of later date, and is most likely Sir Nicholas’s work.17}

There were in Sir Nicholas’s time, though it is not known when they were erected, large coach-houses to the north-west of the mansion, on the site of the present infirmary building.!7?

As left by Sir Nicholas Shireburne the house re- mained till its abandonment as a residence, the only structural alteration of importance being the facing in stone, already noted, of Hugh Shireburne’s building by the Duchess of Norfolk during the time of her residence between 1732 and 1754.!73 After the duchess’s death the house was abandoned, the new owners never caring to occupy it, and during the forty years between 1754 and 1794 it fell into such a state of disrepair that there were serious thoughts of taking it down altogether.!7! From this fate it was saved by Thomas Weld’s action in handing over the building to the Jesuit refugees from Li-ge in 1794, and since that date the history of Stonyhurst is the history of the great public school which bears its name.

When the Jesuit Fathers arrived at Stonyhurst they found the building in parts roofless and the greater part of it uninhabitable. “They immediately set about putting the house in repair, but in so doing, while preserving the building, wrought no little damage to the gardens, which had suffered less than the house itself in the lapse of years. Trees were felled, and the greater number of the lead statues melted down to provide the new roofs.!7® The house, too, suffered in some degree, the long gallery being divided into two stories.

The later history of the fabric resolves itself into a mere list of the various building operations carried out by the authorities of the College. In 1796 the great hall was turned into the refectory, in 1797 the old stables on the south-west of the house were con- verted into a church, and two years afterwards the

169 The ‘ieran gates’ cost £190 and were made at Winslow, Bucks. ‘ For the

4 Rev. Joseph (1909), 14.

building known as ‘Shirk,’ which still stands between the church and the south-east wing, was erected.!76 The west front was completed northward by the erection of a plain building, since removed, in 1800, and in 1809-10 the old playground front on the south side, a plain classic building, was set up, the old great drawing-room and Hugh Shireburne’s building being demolished to make space for it.!77 A new church was built in 1832-5 on the site of that previously formed out of the stables, and the infirmary, on the site of the old coach-houses, was erected in 1842-4. In 1843-4 the present north end of the west front took the place of the building erected in 1800, and in 1856 the old pre-Shireburne buildings on the north side of the quadrangle were cleared away and the quadrangle completed on that side, Sir Nicholas Shireburne’s carved staircase being removed at the same time. Many internal alterations were effected during the middle years of the century, a new domestic chapel (now part of the library) being opened in 1857 and the Sodality chapel }7*° in 1859. New kitchens and offices were built in 1861-z. The present college buildings, replacing the old playground front, took shape between the years 1877 and 188g, the west wing being completed first in 1879, the east wing in 1881 and the middle block in 1883. The boys’ chapel block was begun in 1884 and completed in 1888, and the Angels’ chapel block, the final block of the new college buildings, in 1889.18

It remains to describe briefly those portions of the Elizabethan mansion which remain. Externally the west front and the elevations to the quadrangles are substantially unchanged, but the house inside has been necessarily very much altered to suit it to its present requirements. It is of three stories and built throughout of stone with ashlar facing, with mullioned and transomed windows, straight parapets and flat lead roofs. The quadrangle as now completed measures 79 ft. 6 in. from west to east and gt ft. ‘rom north to south, the former dimensions being the width of the original building between its west and east wings. The present west front is about 195 ft. in length, with the central gateway tower and end wings each projecting 7 ft. 6 in. The length of wall between the gateway and the south- west wing is 51 ft. 6 in., but the modern northern end of the front is 2 ft. longer. The three projecting blocks each measure about 30 ft. on the face. The elevation, as already stated, is one of much merit, combining picturesqueness and dignity, the large wall spaces between the windows helping materially to set off the architectural features of the gateway tower.

Keating, Svonyhurst east wing (demolished in 1808) were,

however, utilized in the new building,

two flower-pots, festoons, and cornishes at the ieran gates, £35.’

0 Ibid. 70. The water for the foun- tains was brought from Longridge Fell through wooden pipes. The gardens are said to have been designed by Beaumont, who was once in the employ of James II, and who was responsible for the gardens at Levens Hall and a portion of those in Hampton Court ; Gillow, Haydock Papers,

51. 171 Stonyhurst Mag. (1885), 35. 9 Gerard, op. cit. 74. 3 This part of the house then became known as the Duchess’s Rooms.

5 Father Chas. Wright, the procura- tor, who was in charge of the reparations, is described as having been ‘not a man of artistic or zsthetic taste.’ He laid hands on any materials he could and when remonstrated with replied, ‘Stuff and nonsense ! I want the money’; Gruggen and Keating, ibid., 54.

6 The building is described as ‘an extremely ugly but very useful piece of debased Renaissance’; Keating, ibid. (1909), 14. It was called Shirk, ‘as the ordinary residence of veteran Fathers past work’ ; Gruggen and Keating, «p. cit. 61.

7 Parts of the walls of the old south-

i fe)

178-9 Designed by Chas. E. Buckler. It is on the first floor and measures 61 ft. by 1g ft.

160 The old south front of 1809-10 was 300 ft. in length, the centre and two wings being each roo ft. The new front measures §60 ft. in a straight line, the end wings projecting each 100 ft., forming a courtyard open on the south side. The middle block is 280 ft. long and each wing 140 ft. The style of the building is modelled on that of the Elizabethan mansion, with two towers with cupolas each 100 ft. high, in the middle block. The architects were Messrs. Dunn & Hansom of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,

ZTONVYAWVA() aH], + ISYQHANOLG > NOLLIJAT

BLACKBURN HUNDRED wirron carr oF)

The tower is of four stories, divided by entablatures and with a round-headed archway flanked by coupled Doric columns on the ground floors, and a mullioned and transomed window of four lights on each of the floors above flanked by coupled columns of the Ionic, Corinthian and composite orders, the whole crowned by an embattled parapet. The detail is refined and ornament sparingly used; the columns are set well back from the angle and are fluted. On the ground floor stage there is a middle string linable with the impost moulding of the arch and with the hood moulds of the windows on either side, and the spandrels of the arch are occupied by circular medallions containing heads. There is no keystone to the arch, but over the cornice is set the escutcheon of Sir Nicholas Shireburne with helm, crest, mantling and motto, the arms being those of Shireburne quartering Bailey. The entrance to the quadrangle is by a passage-way 18 ft. 3 in. wide, with an inner or middle doorway, and doors on either side leading to the house. The inner archway to the quadrangle is flanked by octagonal staircase turrets rising above the lines of the parapet and crowned with the tall 17th-century cupolas erected by Sir Nicholas Shire- burne. From whatever point of view the building is seen these cupolas now form its most distinctive feature, and though differing in style from the early work harmonize very well with it and materially help the composition by giving it height. The first-floor windows throughout both to the west and former south fronts and to the quadrangle, with the excep- tion of those to the great hall, are tall openings divided by double transoms and of three or more lights, those of the ground and second floors being low and without transoms. All the windows have hood moulds.

The west wall of the south-west wing was originally unpierced its full height, and was sometimes known as the Blind Tower. The effect of this externally on the west elevation was unusual, but some time in the 18th century the present 14th-century pointed window, which was brought from the ruins of Bailey chapel in the neighbourhood, was inserted. The four upper windows above were inserted in modern times, the upper pair in 1888.

To the quadrangle the old elevations are somewhat similar in character to those already described. The removal of the curved steps on the east side has deprived the courtyard of one of its most distinctive features, but the view from the entrance towards the south-east corner, embracing the great bay of the hall and the smaller and more elegant one to the long gallery, is one of much picturesqueness. Both bays go up the full height of the house, but that to the long gallery appears to be of later date and probably belongs to the early years of the 17th century. It is very refined in detail, with pilasters at the angles, and is further distinguished from the rest of the buildings round the quadrangle by the still later pedimented doorway inserted by Sir Nicholas Shireburne and bearing his cypher. ‘There are four built-up doorways on the south side of the quadrangle and a fifth, different in character and referred to later, in the south-west corner. The

181 Cent, Rec. 54. 182 Thid. 53. 183 Father Beauclerk has discussed very

fully the problem of the ‘Blind Tower’ in the Stonyhurst Mag. for 1885, pp. 92-99. His conclusions, without necessarily being

II

lead down pipes were set up by Sir Nicholas in 1694 and bear his cypher together with the eagle’s and unicorn’s head crests, and various shiclds of arms on the ears,

The location of the chief apartments has already been mentioned. The great hall was 60 ft. long by 27 ft. in breadth and 1g ft. 6 in. high. It was ex- tended northwards in 1856-7 to its present length of go ft., but the other dimensions remain unaltered. It is lit by a range of mullioned windows with single transom on the west side towards the quadrangle and by a bay window 165 ft. 6 in. wide by 12 ft. 6 in. deep on either side of the dais at the south end. There were originally windows on the east side to the north of the fireplace, the mullions of which may be seen in the store rooms above the kitchens. The old fireplace opening, 11 ft. 6 in. wide, still remains in the east side, but is now used as an alcove, from which access is gained to the pantry. Above the segmental arch is the escutcheon of Sir Nicholas Shireburne carved in white marble, with helm, crest, mantling and motto, and bearing the date 1699. The minstrels’ gallery at the north end has already been referred to as being constructed from timber taken from the demolished building of Hugh Shireburne. The royal arms of James I are now placed above it, and underneath is preserved an oak table on which, according to tradi- tion, Cromwell slept on the occasion of his visit to Stonyhurst in 1648. The present white marble pave- ment replaced that of Sir Nicholas Shireburne in 1862. The heraldic stained glass which originally filled the windows, being much damaged, is said to have been removed in college times with a view to repair, and to have been put away and lost.'*' The bay windows are now filled with the coats of arms of past students.

The long gallery is 88 ft. long by 18 ft. wide and 19 ft. high, and was originally lit by windows on both sides. Those on the south are now blocked by the later college buildings, the room which is used as a picture gallery and museum being lit only from the quadrangle and the west end. At the east end the gallery originally opened into the great drawing-room, which occupied the destroyed south-east wing, and was an apartment 46 ft. long from north to south and 24 ft. 6 in. in width, with a large bay window to the south-east. A door on its north side communicated with the dais of the great hall. The chimney-piece is described as having been ‘a large handsome struc- ture in stucco with the arms of Shireburne and Bailey quarterly in the centre and the motto “Quant je puis,” and on either side the same arms impaling Stourton on one side and Kighley on the other, the two wives of Richard Shireburne, Sir Richard’s son and successor.’ ‘The fireplace was dated 1596.

There remains the room in the south-west tower now known as the Bailey room, but probably originally the chapel. This room presents several interesting problems and shows architectural features different from those in any other part of the building.’ As shown on the plan of 1694 the room measures 565 ft. in length from north to south, with a breadth at the north end of 21 ft. and 29 ft. at the south within the ‘wing’ proper. It was lit by a pointed window of

accepted, are worthy of attention and consideration.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

five lights and late Perpendicular tracery at the south end, and by a smaller pointed window of three lights at the south end of the east wall.!* The northern end of the room is lit by two of the ordinary square- headed mullioned windows on the west front. There was a door at the north-east corner leading to the quadrangle, and another near the south end of the east wall leading to a small room 12 ft. by g ft. with a vice in its eastern side giving access to a smaller room above. Apart from the ‘ecclesiastical’ appear- ance of the two pointed windows,!* the arrangement and peculiar features of the room certainly suggest that this was originally meant to be a chapel, though there are certain difficulties to be faced in accepting the conclusion, more especially Sir Richard’s reason for constructing a chapel of such importance at this time.'®6 The southern part of the room, that contained in the south-west wing proper, goes up two stories and was 34 ft. 6 in. in height. The northern end is of one story only 11 ft. high, the floor of the long gallery being continued over it to the west front. The two parts are divided by a lofty pointed arch, which still remains, though built up and partly hidden, which carried the south wall of the long gallery forward to the west. This arch is of two chamfered orders, dying into the wall at the springing, 3 ft. thick and 2g ft. 6 in. in height, the span being the full width of the north end of the room. The upper part of the arch, there- fore, opened into the west end of the long gallery. Assuming this to have been the chapel, with the altar below the window at the south end, we have the somewhat unusual arrangement of part of the long gallery itself being used as a tribune or gallery for the family during service, while the servants would occupy the floor below, entering from the door in the court- yard. The arch shows no sign of there ever having been a screen, but the stones cease to be smoothly faced at a point 3 ft. from the floor of the long gallery, suggesting that there was originally a balcony or gallery front of some sort in that position.!®” The small room on the east side would be the sacristy, from which the vice gave access directly to the long gallery itself, and from there by a second doorway to the small chamber over. From the sacristy there was an opening 4 ft. long by 3 ft. high divided by mullions, which from the slant of its jambs seems to suggest it was so built as to afford a direct view of the altar. There is also an opening from the chamber above. To the north of the ‘chapel,’ and between it and the gateway tower, was a room 21 ft. 6 in. by 21 ft., which has been termed the ‘priests’ room,’ but with what evidence to support it is not very apparent. The plan of 1694 does not show any communication between the two rooms. ‘The ‘chapel’ is now divided into two rooms below the arch, the so-called ‘sanctuary’ now forming what is known as the Bailey room, and internally,

18: It must be remembered that the

except for the pointed windows, shows no architectural features of interest.

The formation of the boys’ playground in front of the new college buildings on its south side has necessarily meant the loss of a large part of the 17th-century gardens. The playground itself, which measures 580 ft. by 300 ft., was lowered from the level of the garden terrace before the new buildings were begun.!® Such parts of the old gardens as are left retain all the original charm of clipped yew hedges and well-ordered design. The two pavilions erected by Sir Nicholas Shireburne are exceedingly good examples of the garden architecture of the time. They are built of stone, and measure 17 ft. square outside with walls 2 ft. thick, and square-headed barred sash windows. The roofs form a graceful curve rising from a strongly-marked cornice, and are surmounted by gilded eagles in Portland stone. Of the leaden statues which formerly adorned the grounds only three remain, one of which, supposed to repre- sent Regulus under torture by the Carthaginians, now occupies the centre of the ‘ Observatory’ pond.

The school was a great institution, formed by a distinguished history of two centuries, when it settled here, and, speedily recovering from its temporary mis- adventures, has added to its fame continually. New buildings have consequently been required, and have been added from time to time; the latest block, as above stated, was added piecemeal from 1877 to 1889. The library is richly stored,! its nucleus consisting of books brought over from Lidge, which include a manuscript of St. John’s Gospel found in St. Cuthbert’s tomb in 1105, and not improbably transcribed by the saint himself !9!; also a printed book of Hours, supposed to have belonged to Mary Queen of Scots. The tenth Lord Arundell of Wardour, an ‘old boy,’ in 1834 left his library to the college,!®2 and Dr. John Vertue, Bishop of Ports- mouth (d. 1900), gave it a collection of early printed books. The buildings contain a large collection of paintings, old prints, medals, stuffed animals and miscellaneous curiosities.

The Observatory, in the gardens, was begun in 1838 ; a telescope was mounted in 1845, and in the same year the series of meteorological observations was begun. An underground chamber for magnetic observations was added in 1866. In 1865 a new room had been built for the larger telescope then mounted, and the station acquired some fame through the solar observations of Fr. Stephen Perry, who had charge of the place from 1868 to 1889.

In addition to the college buildings proper, which include the Jesuit community house, there are a school for junior boys at Hodder House, some distance away, and a seminary called St. Mary’s Hall, devoted to philo- sophical studies of members of the Society of Jesus.!%3

expressions ‘ south,’ ‘east,’ &c., are here approximate, following the usual custom of calling the south-west front ‘ west.’

185 The window now in the west wall is of course, as already mentioned, a later insertion, brought from elsewhere.

186 Beauclerk, Stonyhurst Mag. (1885),

94.

1S" Thid. 97.

153 Keating, Stonyhurst (1909), 51.

189 For history and description see Foley, Rec. S. J. viiy p. xxxvi, &c.3; Baines, Lancs. Dir. 1826, ii, 560; P. Fitzgerald,

Saxonhurst (illustrating the school life about 1850), and Stonyhurst Memories (1895); A. Hewitson, Svonyhurst; A. Rimmer, Stonyhurst IIllus.; J. Gerard, Stonyhurst Coll., 18943; G. Gruggen and J. Keating, Stonyhurst : its Past History and Life in the Present, 1901. Books of views have been issued. The Stonyhurst Mag., begun in May 1881, contains not only news of the school, but many articles upon the history and condition of the district ; e.g. a description of the fishery rights, with map ; i, 177.

1” The collections are described in

12

Hist. MSS. Com. Rep. ii, 143 3 iii, 3343 viii, App. i; x, App. iv.

4191 Tt was owned by Thomas Allen of Oxford about 1620; N. and Q. (Ser. 6), vi, 486,

192 His collection includes one volume of an early 15th-century MS. of Froissart ; the other volume is in the B.M.

195 The paragraphs as to present-day Stonyhurst are derived from a notice pre- pared for the British Association visit in 1903. Fuller accounts will be found in Fr. Gerard's Stonyhurst Coll., frequently quoted in these notes,

Mirron: Sronynurst Gateway Tower

BLACKBURN HUNDRED wirron (PART OF)

The following is a list of the rectors, who have since 1841 been lords of the manor also: 1794, Marmaduke Stone; 1808, Nicholas Sewall ; 1813, John Weld (son of the donor of the site) ; 1816, N. Sewall (2) ; 1817, Charles Plowden ; 18 19, Joseph Tristram ; 1827, Richard Norris ; 1832, Richard Parker ; 1836, James Brownbill ; 1839, Francis Daniel ; 1841, Andrew Barrow ; 1845, R. Norris (2) ; 1846, Henry Walmesley ; 1847, Richard Sumner ; 1848, Francis Clough; 1861, Joseph Johnson ; 1868, Charles Henry; 1869, Edward Purbrick ; 1879, William Eyre ; 1885, Reginald Colley ; 1891, Herman Walmesley ; 1898, Joseph Browne ; 1906, Pedro Gordon ; 1907, William Bodkin.!%

WINKLE?V was part of the Hospitallers’ estate in Aighton and Bailey, which was treated as part of their manor of Stidd.!% There appear to have been several families surnamed Winkley. Adam son of Alexander de Winkley gave lands in Aighton to the Knights of St. John,!*° and Robert de Manneby, prior of the order in England, gave to Adam son of Richard de Winkley all the land they had of the gift of Adam de Winkley and others,!? and the re- mainder of their land in Winkley they gave to Robert son of John de Winkley ; each of the grantees was bound to render 2s. a year and the third part of their chattels at death.19° These estates appear to have been consolidated later, a rent of 4s. being paid.

The descent can be traced only with uncertainty. In 1246 Ralph son of Robert de Mitton sued John de Winkley and his son Robert for 10 acres in Aighton which they had had from Simon de Green- hurst,'®° and a Richard de Winkley complained that a roadway had been interfered with by Richard de Daniscoles, Osbert his son and others.2% Robert de Winkley was living in 1278, holding land in Aighton which was claimed by Ralph de Mitton,2% and

possibly it was the same Robert who appears in 1292.7? Richard son of Robert de Winkley and Amery widow of William de Winkley were concerned in other pleas of the same year 03; but Robert was dead in 1294, when his widow Cecily and his sons Adam, Richard and Henry were accused of having disseised Nicholas son of William of messuages, land and rent in Aighton. Nicholas, a minor, alleged that his father was Robert’s eldest son, but it was found that the plaintiff was born out of wedlock.2™

Adam de Winkley was in 1318 pardoned for his adhesion to Thomas Earl of Lancaster.2%° John de Winkley in 1321 granted all his manor of Pleasington and his lands in Aighton to Adam his son and heir on marriage with Maud daughter of Gilbert de Scarisbrick.2°° Two years later Adam son of John de Winkley and Maud his wife exchanged a messuage, &c., in Winkley with John son of Walter de Bailey.2°7 In 1332 Adam headed the subsidy list in Aighton.”8 John son of Adam de Winkley gave land at Stonyhurst to John de Bailey for life in 1352,20 and in 1354, in conjunction with his son Adam, he had to defend his title to land in Aighton claimed by his brother or half-brother Adam, son of Adam de Winkley the elder by Margery, then deceased.2! Isabel widow of John in 1371 granted her son Adam the third part of lands and mill in Aighton.?!!

Adam de Winkley seems to have been a minor in 1371 but of full age in 1373.2 As Adam son of John son of Adam de Winkley he was party to an exchange of lands in 1376.75 He may have been the same Adam whose widow Margery in 1436 released her lands in Aighton to John the son and heir of Adam.?# In the next year John Winkley granted lands to his son Thomas, who married Margaret daughter of Henry Holden of Bowland.?® John died in or before 1443,2!° and in 1447 Thomas

14% Taken from Stonyhurst Chronology.

195 Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec. Com.), 375. A list of the tenants in 1609 has been preserved by Kuerden (MSS. ii, fol. 1324). It includes in Aighton Thomas Winkley paying 4s., Edward Loude 6¢.; in Chaigley, Richard Aughton 12¢.; in various places, Richard Shireburne, pay- ing 11s. 6d. in all, of which sum 6d. was for a moiety of Bailey Hall.

1% Winkley Family (1863), by William Winkley, jun., quoting ‘title deeds of Mr. Weld, 1861.’ Ellis son of Alexander de Winkley, probably Adam’s brother, has been mentioned in the text (at Stony- hurst) as living before 1209; Adam de Winkley and John his son are named in the charter to Ellis. Robert de Mitton early in the 13th century gave lands to John and to Adam sons of Adam de Winkley, viz. to the former all the land of Haracks (Horrocks) at arent of 12d., the rent paid in later times for Woodfields ; and to the latter land adjoining, Bradhurst and its brook occurring in each charter, and Ackhurst clough being named ; Towneley MS. DD, no. 672, 654. Geoffrey Dean of Whalley and Robert his son attested the former charter ; Ralph tector of Mitton and Jordan his son the latter.

Eva daughter of Ralph de Aighton released to Richard son of Adam de Winkley all her claim in half an oxgang of land which Ellis son of Alexander had formerly held; ibid. no. 651. Among the witnesses were Jordan son of Ralph the rector and Nicholas his brother. This

release was probably the close of a long- standing dispute, for as early as 1231 Eva daughter of Ralph de Aighton made claims against Adam de Winkley and others; Cal. Pat. 1225-32, pp. 446, 522.

197 DD, no. 656. The bounds began at the head of Radwell ford, followed the thread of Ribble as far as the middle of Longflat, and by various lines to the starting-point. Land called Thuwes and Morton brook are named.

Robert de Manneby was prior in 1251 and 12623; Dugdale, Mon. Angi. vi, 799.

195 DD, no. 655. The bounds began at Horrockford and went down the Hodder and Ribble to Longflat, across the meadow to Blakeayke and the lower head of Hesceteley, then by the carr and Simonscroft to Hamelin’s land and Raven ridding as far as the Stony way ; by this to the Hodder.

199 Assize R. 404, m.§d. John de Winkley (perhaps the son of Adam) gave lands to his son Robert, the mill on the Hodder being mentioned ; DD, no. 671.

200 Assize R. 404, m. 6d. Other Winkleys are named ibid, m.2, 11, 11 d., 14. The name has many spellings— Winkedelega, Wynkydele, &c. Winckley was the usual form of the surname in the 17th century.

201 Assize R. 1238, m. 353 also De Banco R. 31, m. 93-

20? Assize R. 408, m. 32, 94.

203 Ibid. m. 6, 32d. Richard son of Adam de Winkley is also named ; ibid. m. 77d.

204 Assize R. 1299, m. 14; Adam had

13

been in the service of Robert de la Garde at Warwick. William’s widow was named Amery. She was plaintiff in 1304 (De Banco R. 149, m. 63 d.), and against the widow and daughter of Henry de Winkley in 1311; ibid. 189, m. gd. In 1321 Margaret widow of another William de Winkley and of Robert Atte Hall claimed a messuage, &c., against Margaret widow of Adam Banastre ; ibid. 240, m, 20.

205 Cal. Pat. 1317-21, p. 230.

206 DD, no. 64.9, 663. Though Adam was heir of John de Winkley, another son John succeeded to Pleasington (see the account of that manor), and in 1344 there was some disputing between the brothers ; Assize R. 1435, m. 34.

207 DD, no. 644. Adam son of John de Winkley was defendant in a Great Mearley claim in 1331 ; Assize R. 1404, m. 18,

08 Exch. Lay Subs. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), 79.

209 DD, no. 648. In the same year John de Winkley was defendant in a Great Mearley claim; Duchy of Lance. Assize R. 1, m. iij ; 2, m. vj.

210 De Banco R. 381,m.110d.; Duchy of Lanc. Assize R. 3, m. ij. William de Boston, vicar of Mitton, was called to warrant. 311 DD, no. 658.

°1? Cf, De Banco. R. 444, m. 9 d.; 450, m, 214.

213 DD, no. 670.

215 Tbid. no. 660-1.

16 Thid. no. 6733 his widow Joan agreed with her son as to dower, Margery, widow of Adam, being still alive.

M4 Thid, no, 662.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

his son and heir made a feoffment of all his lands and the reversion of those held by his mother Joan.?!’ Thomas Winkley was still living in 1479, when he allowed Richard Catterall to make an attachment (perhaps for a mill stream) over his land to the water of Ribble near its junction with the Hodder 218 ; but his son and heir Geoffrey had in 1463 married Isabel daughter of Alice and Alexander Nowel,?!9 and was living some time later, when he demised land called Horrockfields.?*”

Next appears Roger Wink- ley, with Margaret his wife, in 1508.7! He lived on till 1556, when by his will he left his ‘capital or manor house called Winkley Hall’ to his then wife Jane for her life.°? His son Anthony had in 1546 demised Woodfelds in Aighton to his brother Roger.*** Anthony died in 1566 seised of the capital messuage called Winkley Hall in Aighton and 30 acres of land, held of the queen as of the late monastery of St. John of Jeru- salem in England by a rent of 4s. for all services ; also half an oxgang of land and a messuage called Woodfields, held of Sir Richard Shireburne by the fortieth part of a knight’s fee and }¢. rent and by 12d. rent respectively. Nicholas Winkley the son and heir was forty years of age.**4 A pedigree was recorded in 1613,7*> but the main line of the family was extinct by 1664.?° Roger Winkley, son of Thomas son of Nicholas, seems to have succeeded to the estates before 1615, when Toby Archbishop of York gave him licence to construct a pew in Mitton Church adjoining the old quire of Richard Shireburne.?** William Winkley of Winkley, occurring 1641 to 1652, appears to have been the last of the name in possession.?*8

Wingtey of Wink- ley. Per pale argent and gules an eagle dis- played counterchanged.

Winkley was held in 1696 by Sarah widow of Thomas Lacy, and she sold it to Sir Nicholas Shire-

_burne.?29 It descended like Stonyhurst until 1828,

when Thomas Weld sold it to James Wilkinson. Farms called Jumbles and Boat-house, parts perhaps of the original Winkley, had become included in the Walmsley of Dunkenhalgh estate and were in 1827 sold by George Petre to the same James Wilkinson. His daughter married a Macdonnell, and her son James in 1879 sold the estate to Mr. William Walmsley Simpson, the present owner.”

Winkley Hall, now a farm-house, stands in a low situation on the right bank of the Hodder im- mediately above its junction with the Ribble, but is a house of no architectural interest, having been entirely modernized and altered from its original appearance. It is a two-story stone building with thick walls facing east to the river, but its only ancient features are two windows of 17th-century date at the back, of five and three lights respectively with tran- soms and hood moulds, and a low one of the same date in the northern end gable.

CRAWSHAW in Aighton was part of the estate of the Clitheroes of Bailey.?8! It was in the 17th century tenanted by Richard Holden, younger brother of John Holden of Chaigley, probably the recusant of that name who had his lands sequestered by the Commonwealth ; on his death in 1652 the trustees for his infant children desired a discharge.?°? The place comes into note through an outrage illustrative of those days. A priest was beheaded at Chapel House Farm in Chaigley whilst in the act of saying mass there. The head was thrown over the fence into an adjoining field and Mrs. Holden of Crawshaw gathered it into her apron and took it into her house, and secured also the objects in the chapel at the time— missal, altar cloth, vestments, candles, &c.—and they have been preserved as relics by the family.?94

Morton, an early place-name, seems to have been in Aighton.?*4 A local family used Aighton itself as

217 Towneley MS. DD, no. 653.

1\5 Thid. no. 650. 219 Tbid. no. 763.

£" Thid. no. 665.

=! Thid. no. 674, 647. In the re corded pedigree Roger is said to have been a son of Thomas.

22 Winkley Family. proved in 1557.

23 DD, no. 669.

24 Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. xi, no. 28. A settlement of the manor of Winkley with various messuages and land:, a water-mill and a free fishery in the Hodder and Ribble was made by Nicholas Winkley in 1567 ; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 29, m. 12. Only a year later a similar settle- ment was made by Thomas Winkley the younger (son of Nicholas, according to the pedigree), with remainders to his uncles Henry and Thomas; ibid. bdle. 30, m. 146. Another was made in 1586, the deforciants being Thomas Winkley, Cecily his wife, Henry Winkley, Jane his wife, and Nicholas son and heir of Henry; ibid. bdle. 48, m. 114.

In 1589 Anthony Isherwood of Chaig- ley and Anne his wife, a daughter of Nicholas Winkley, complained that the legacy due to her was withheld by Henry Winkley and other feoffees ; Duchy of Lane. Plead. Eliz., cl., I 1.

The will of Henry Winkley (of Wood- fields), dated 1589 and proved 1590, is printed in Wintley Family, no. 3.

The will was

3% Visir, of 1613 (Chet. Soc.), 383 deeds are referred toin the margin. Roger Winklry, the son and heir of Thomas, was thirty-eight years old.

2-8 Dugdale, /isit, (Chet. Soc.), 334.

237 UN inkley Family.

32° He was a creditor of Gabriel Hes- keth of Goosnargh ; Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), iii, 188. According to a pedigree in the Shireburne Abstract Bk., Roger Winkley, living in 1649, had a granddaughter Martha (daughter of his son Roger) and a nephew William Winkley of Billington, no doubt the William named in the text.

29 Shireburne Abstract Bk. ; the brief details given do not show how she came to own it. She had a son John Mitchell by another husband, and Thomas Lacy had a son Roger.

330 Information of Mr. Simpson and his solicitor, Mr. S. Sandeman.

Myles Macdonnell occurs (either as purchaser or trustee) in 1836, while in 1843 Miss Wilkinson was the daughter and representative of James; End. Char. Rep. Her children in 1875 were James Macdonnell and Mary Jane Nelson, widow.

*81 Robert de Clitheroe, clerk, granted a pasture called Crawshaw in Bailey to Richard son of Henry de Clitheroe and John his son ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.

32 Royalist Comp. Papers iii, 236. George

14

Holuen, killed at Usk, when in the king’s service in the war, is supposed to have been of this family ; Gillow, Bid/. Dict. of Engl. Cath, iii, 330, 340. Richard Holden, a descendant, registered an estate in 1717 a8 a ‘Papist’; Estcourt and Payne, op. cit. 102.

288 Pal, Note-bk. ii, 127 5 from family traditions. It is not known who the priest was. The relics were kept with great secrecy at Crawshaw until the establishment of the Jesuits at Stonyhurst, when they began to be shown. They were in 1887 in possession of the Holdens of Hill House in Woodplumpton, and an elaborate description is printed in the Stonyhurst Mag. of that year (Nov.). A stained altar-cloth has the initials E H (or P H) embroidered on it. One of the chasubles is inscribed: ‘Orate pro ani- mabus Oliveri Wastlei et Ellene uxoris ejus.’ The missal (1570) once belonged to Dt. Henry Holden; it bears the words: ‘Dieses gehirt unserm Marter und unserm lieben Pfilp.’ The Wastleys appear to have been a Chorley family.

334 Almarica daughter of Siward de Morton complained in 1276 of disseisin of her free tenement in Morton and Aighton by Godith de Riddings and others; Assize R. 405, m. 43 1238, m.31d.; De Banco R. 27, m. 26d. As heir of her aunt Sibyl daughter of Gamel de Morton she in 1284 claimed 2 acresin

BLACKBURN HUNDRED | yprron (PART OF)

a surname.255 The Reads were long connected with this part of the township.”%

CHAIGLEY was originally included in the manor of Aighton, the lords of the latter holding it.°87 Thus in 1347 Roger son of John de Mitton claimed five messuages, &c., in Chaigley against Sir John de Harrington, Katherine his wife, Sir Thomas de Arderne, Agnes widow of Sir Robert de Horncliff, Robert son of Robert de Shireburne, Robert de Morley and Hugh de Bradford. It appeared that Margaret Banastre was formerly in possession and that her four daughters had succeeded, viz. Katherine, Alice, Agnes and Joan ; also that one Thomas Talbot had held a moiety of the property in dispute, but had died. The estate included rents of two pairs of white gloves and two barbed arrows.?°8

The principal family was that of Holden,”%® and

their estate was regarded asa manor. Amabel widow of Jordan de Mitton granted lands in Aighton to her daughter Cecily, the rent being a pair of white gloves and the bounds extending to Longridge on the west.749 John son of Jordan de Mitton con- firmed to the said Cecily his sister the lands of his mother’s gift, they being described as in Chaigley in Aighton.”4! Cecily married Henry de Holden,? but the descent cannot be clearly traced. The above Roger de Mitton in 1347 claimed various messuages and lands in Aighton against Henry de Blackburn, Mary his wife, Ralph de Holden and John his son.?4% In 1365 the feoffees granted certain lands to Ralph de Holden and Maud his daughter, with remainder to John his son,*4* while John soon afterwards released to his father and sister lands in Bailey near the Daniscoles.?4°

Elizabeth daughter of John de Holden and heir of

widow in 1393 ; she afterwards married a Richard de Holden, by whom she had sons John, Henry and Geoffrey and three daughters, settlements being made in 1405 and 1420.48 Richard Holden of Witton in 1445 released to John Holden all right to lands in Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley formerly owned by Ralph de Holden and Mand his daughter.*47 John Holden the elder?® occurs in various deeds from 1468 to 1491; in the latter year he set apart lands for the use of Elizabeth daughter of Lawrence Asshaw, who was to marry Thomas son and heir of John Holden the younger.”

Thomas’s heir in 1514 was his brother John, rector of St. Mary’s, Cricklade, who granted lands to his brother and heir Ralph husband of Elizabeth daughter of Richard Hancock. Ralph in 1522-3 made a settlement on his son John’s marriage with Alice daughter of Thomas Grimshaw,”! and Ralph and his son John occur again as late as 1557, when they granted an annuity of 20s. to Henry and William, other sons of Ralph.%? John Holden succeeded soon afterwards, selling land in Aighton and Bailey to Sir Richard Shireburne in 1560 7° and in the next year arranging for the marriage of his son Richard.?54

Richard Holden, Jane his then wife and Richard his son and heir in 1596 agreed to the levying of a fine of certain lands in Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley ° ; Richard Holden was a freeholder in 1600.8 John Holden of Chaigley, son and heir of Richard and Isabel his wife, in 1623 sold Clough House a/ias Grubbe Hall in Grindleton to Richard Shireburne of Stonyhurst.257 John died in 1637 holding a capital messuage in Chaigley and other lands, &c., of the heirs of Amabel de Mitton in

her brother, another John, occurs in 1379 and as

Aighton against William son of William atte Hall, and he called Ralph de Morton to warrant him; Assize R. 1265, m. 4d. She afterwards married Robert de Spend- low of Morton, and they were engaged in various suits in 1292; Assize R. 408, m. 21 d. 32 d. From one it appears that her brother was Jordan de Aighton ; ibid. m. 67.

35 Ralph son of Nicholas de Aighton was plaintiff in 1253; Cur. Reg. R. 148, m. 44. Maud the widow and Thomas the son of Ellis de Aighton claimed dower and land in Aighton in 1274 against Ralph de Mitton; Assize R. 1341, m. 6d, 5. John son of Alan de Aighton summoned Ralph de Mitton to warrant a charter in 12923 Assize R. 408, m. 32d.

236 In 1292, John de Read of Aighton claimed common of pasture against Henry son of Robert del Ash, but it was shown that Margery widow of Ralph de Mitton held part in dower, and plaintiff was non- suited ; Assize R. 408, m. 35 d.

Robert Read died in 1610 holding

“lands in Aighton and Bailey of Richard Shireburne by a rent of 45.3; Lancs. Ing. p.m. (Rec, Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 176. His son and heir Richard, then aged twelve, died in 1638, leaving a son Robert, sixteen years old, to inherit ; Towneley MS. C8, 13 (Chet. Lib.), 1000.

237 Ralph de Mitton in 1246 had 20 acres in Chaigley, claimed by Jordan son of Ralph; Assize R. 404, m. 5d. After 1290 Ralph son of John de Mitton confirmed to Thomas le Sureys (Southron) various lands in Chaigley for life; Dods.

MSS. xci, fol. 161. was a witness.

Robert de Shireburne, Robert de Horn- cliff, John de Harrington the younger and Thomas de Arderne were plaintiffs against various persons in 1331, a house in Chaigley having been broken into; De Banco R. 286, m. 159.

238 Assize R. 1435, m. 18.

239 A collection of Holden deeds is preserved in Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.), 562-78. Some of the family deeds are in the possession of Mr. Fitzherbert- Brockholes of Claughton.

240 Tbid. 875. The ‘land of William Loud’ is named.

241 Thid. ; Robert and Adam de Holden were witnesses. Amabel was living in 1284 and 12913; Assize R. 1268, m. 12.

242 De Banco R. 91, m. 34. d.5 92, m. 67. 24 Ibid. R. 351, m. 23d.

24 C 8, 13, Ps $73-

245 Thid, 563.

246 Thid. 563-6. Geoffrey, bastard son of the younger John, is named. The 1420 deed names ‘Loud’s lands,’ Green- gore in Bailey and Harrelegh in Aighton. Some Loud family deeds may be seen ibid. 798 and Add. MS. 32106, no. 1190,

Elizabeth's husband may have been the Richard son of Richard de Holden who made a feoffment of his lands in 1383 ; C8, 13, p. 562. Adam son of Randle de Bailey in 1412 gave to trustees lands which he had had of the feoffment of John son of John son of Randle (Ralph) de Holden ; ibid. 144.

%7 Thid. 566. John Holden of Aigh-

1s

Henry de Holden

socage by the rent of a pair of white gloves.

Mary

ton occurs in 1443 and 1465; Pal. of Lanc. Plea R.. 5, m. 66; 27, m. 22,

248 In 1468 Robert Shireburne the younger of Stonyhurst regranted to John Holden the elder lands in Aighton, &c.; C8, 13, p. 567. Four years later John son of Richard Holden and Margaret his wife (daughter of Richard Loud) granted Mickle Greengore to John Holden the elder ; ibid. John Holden the elder in 1488 confirmed Little Greengore in Bailey to Robert, Henry, Richard, Wil- liam, Thomas and Katherine, children of Richard Holden lately deceased; ibid. 568.

249 Thid. 569. 250 Thid. 570.

261 Ibid. 253 Thid. 575.

*68 Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 22, m. III.

254 C 8, 13, p. 5713 Richard was to marry Anne daughter of Roger Nowell of Read. John Holden, Margaret his then wife and Richard his son occur in 1584; ibid. 575. Thomas was a younger son ; ibid. 576. :

255 Tbid. 578 ; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 59, m. 233. Jane afterwards mar- tied John Shireburne of Bailey ; C8, 13, p- 577- Richard the father made a lease of land in Stonyhurst Park to younger sons Thoma’ and John, but they resigned to their brother Richard in 1598 ; ibid.

74:

356 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 236. Richard had three sons—John the heir, named in the text, Henry the theologian and Richard of Crawshaw ; W. A. Abram in Preston Guardian, Oct. 1874. 257 C8, 13, Pe 577+

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

his daughter and heir was fifteen years of age. She married Thomas Brockholes of Claughton, and Chaigley was sold to Richard Shireburne in 1655.7" From that time it descended like Stonyhurst till about 1840,

when it was sold to William

Winstanley. It has descended BaP oy to his grandson, Mr. William Alfred Winstanley, who is called lord of the manor of Chaigley.?*

Overholme in Chaigley is named in 1583 7! and Kyt- ridding in 1600.78

BAILEY also was properly a member of Aighton, as appears from charters already quoted, but it had greater in- dependence than Chaigley and was accounted a manor. It gave a name to one or more families, probably descendants of the Mittons,?* including that which, as has been seen, took Shire- burne as a surname. It is not possible to trace the minor families.?°4

Henry de Clayton 28 acquired land in Bailey in 1284 from Adam de Edieles and Christiana his wife; it was to be held by the render of a clove gillyflower yearly to Christiana or her heirs.2°° He then ex- changed it for a messuage, land and the moiety of a water-mill held by William de Winkley and Amery his wife.287 Henry was in 1290 summoned to warrant the tenant of certain land in which dower

WiINSTANLEY of Chaigley. Or rcv bars azure in chief three crosses formy gules,

was claimed by Alice widow of John de Bailey.?** Philip de Clayton in 1338 made a settlement of a messuage and land in Bailey and Dutton ; the re- mainder was to his son Robert, who had married Isabel.28° Isabel, as widow of Robert, was plaintiff in 1345.770

The Knights Hospitallers had, as already noted,””! an estate in this part of the township. About 1300 it was acquired by Robert de Clitheroe, one of the king’s clerks and rector of Wigan 1303-34.777 Sir Adam de Clitheroe, apparently in consequence of some dispute, carried off a large quantity of cattle, provisions, furnishings and books from the manor- house of Bailey in 1332.778 When in 1330 Robert desired to give his ‘ manor of Bailey’ to Cockersand Abbey it was found that the said manor was held of the Prior of St. John in England by the service of 18d. yearly ; the prior held it in perpetual alms of the Lady Isabel, queen of England, as of the honor of Clitheroe, she holding of the king by knight’s service. The yearly value was £6 135. 44.274 This benefaction was not carried through, the chantry being founded instead. Robert, who had many disputes concerning his lands,?”® in 1334 gave his manor of Bailey to Henry de Clitheroe.?”6

In 1350 the feoffee of Henry de Clitheroe granted to Edmund the son of Henry and his wife Eleanor daughter of Sir Nicholas Boteler certain lands in Bailey, with remainders to Hugh son of Sir Adam de Clitheroe, Nicholas son of Sir Roger de Clitheroe and Richard son of Thomas de Knowle.?”7_ The next in possession, about 1378, was Nicholas de Clitheroe 7” ,

258 Duchy of Lanc. Ing. p.m. xxx, no. 73.

259 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

360 Family monuments are in Preston Unitarian Church; Hewitson, Preston, 517. There is a pedigree in Burke's Landed Gentry.

%\ Lancs. and Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 260.

762 Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), iii, 458.

%8 Whalley Couch. (Chet. Soc.), iii, 680.

264 The following notes may be of use. Otes de Bailey and Walter his son attested a charter in the early part of the 13th century ; Towneley MS. DD, no. 654. Ralph son of Walter de Bailey granted 2 acres in the vill of Bailey to Alexander son of William de Elland, the grant being attested by Walter de Bailey and John his son ; Add. MS. 32107, no. g21, 875. John son of Walter de Bailey granted liberty of mill to Adam ‘ Wittandefot,’ and John de Bailey, probably the same person, gave land to Adam son of Adam ‘Waltandefot,’ his charter naming the “land of Otes my brother.’

In 1284 inquiry was made as to whether Otes de Bailey had had a rent of 9s. 3d. from Aighton claimed by his son John (a minor) by Amice de Bradley ; Assize R. 1265,m.21d. The occupiers’ names are given. In 1291 John son of Otes de Bailey had a dispute as to inheritance with Henry son of Robert the Miller; Assize R. 1294, m. 11d. In the follow- ing year Cecily daughter of Otes de Bailey claimed chattels to the value of 48s. from his executors—John son of Avice (? Amice) de Hayhurst and Ralph de Bailey ; Assize R. 408, m. 10.

In 1292 also Richard Pleyndamours and Alice his wife demanded the third part of messuages, mill, land and rent in Aighton against Avice formerly the wife

of Otes (Eudo) de Bailey and John her son (a minor), &c. Alice had been wife of John de Bailey, but had left him to live with Richard ; having returned and teen reconciled to her husband before his death her claim was allowed; ibid. m. 56 d. The same Richard and Alice were defen- dants to a claim by Adam sn of Richard son of John de Bailey; ibid. m. ro. Robert son of John de Bailey was plain- tiff in 1285 and 12913 Assize R. 1271, m. 11d.3 1294, m. 9.

265 See the account of Dutton.

266 Final Conc, i, 161.

367 Tbid. i, 162. In 1292 Amery widow of William de Winkley claimed a mes- suage and land in Aighton as daughter and heir of John de Bailey. The defen- dants were Thomas de Greengore and Maud his wife ; Assize R. 408, m. 6.

28 De Banco R. 82, m. 52d. Henry de Clayton was defendant in 1291 ; ibid. 89, m. 28. 269 Final Cone. ii, 109.

20 De Banco R. 343, m. 102.

U1 See Winkley.

73Jn 1299 Robert was plaintiff respecting lands in Aighton and Bailey, the defendants being Jordan Moody and Jordan de Bailey; De Banco R. 126, m. 130d, In 1301 he purchased messuages and land in Bailey and Clitheroe from John son of Roger de Bolton and Cecily his wife, soon afterwards securing an oxgang and a half of land, &c., from William son of Nicholas de Mitton; Final Conc. i, 198. Another acquisition was from Edmund Talbot ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.

278 Coram Rege R. 293, m. 52d. A detailed list is given of the goods carried off, including cattle, horse, barley, oats, salt beef and fish, brass pots, a ‘ wyndon shete and canevace’ for winnowing corn, frying pan and roast iron, carpets, cushions,

16

“canevaces’ for the lord’s bed, cross-bow with sixteen quarrels, wagon, hammers, saw, ‘resting wimbel,’ a ‘grouell,’ pitch- fork, &c.; valuable resins called ‘le Rose,’ ‘ipomadon,’ ‘athie and prophilias,’ ‘isope,’ ‘luodarie,’ ‘troye’ and ‘breton’ ; a psalter glossed, missal, legendary, grayle, vestment, altar towels, censer, phials, cross of latten, and other things in the chapel.

24 Ing. p.m. 4 Edw. III (2nd nos.), no. 106,

275 In 1327 Robert complained that Margaret widow of Adam Banastre had impounded his plough cattle; De Banco R. 272, m. 79. For minor disputes see ibid. 199, m. 462 d.3 Coram Rege R. 292,m. 17. In 1334 it was alleged that Sir Adam de Clitheroe, then dead, had retained John de Bailey and others to make claims against him, but John was able to show a pardon from the king dated at Berwick 26 July 13333; ibid. 297, Rex m. 20.

Sir Adam had claimed the ‘manor of Bailey’ from Robert in 1332, the defence being that Bailey was in Aighton and not in Clitheroe. Adam was the son of Hugh de Clitheroe, who was stated tohave had possession in the time of Edward 1; De Banco R. 290, m. 116; 291, m. 149. John son of Adam de Clitheroe in the same year claimed *a messuage, &c., in Aighton against Robert de Clitheroe and many others. The defence was noteworthy—that there was no vill in Lancashire called ‘Aghton’ without an adjunct ; Assize R. 1411, m. 12.

276 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

%7 Dods. MSS. cliii, fol. 1016. Edmund de Clitheroe granted a lease in 13513 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

28 Isabel widow of Henry de Clitheroe released her dower to him.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED wrrron carr oF)

he was son of Edmund.?”8 He occurs down to 1430,28 and was succeeded by a son Robert,?8! who in 1443 was summoned to answer Robert Shireburne and Alice his wife, widow of Sir William Hoghton, as to a bond dated 1432 for the marriage of Richard his son and heir to Margaret Hoghton, daughter of Alice. Richard had by inheritance lands in Cumber- halgh and Preston, formerly John de Singleton’s.8? Richard son of Robert Clitheroe and Alice his wife made a feoffment in 1459—60.283

Thomas Clitheroe was in possession in 1468 when he presented to Bailey Chapel ; in 1474 he in con- junction with Elizabeth his wife received from feoftees the manor of Bailey.*8! He made a settlement of his estates in 1504~5,8 and was within two years succeeded by his son Robert, who then granted Bailey Hall to his mother Ellen.8° Ralph son of Richard Clitheroe was in possession by 1544 287 ; he died in Angust 1556 holding Crawshaw, Walshman’s Croft in Bailey, &c., of Sir Richard Shireburne by a rent of 5. 1d. ; also lands in Goosnargh and Whittingham. His heirs were his father’s three sisters or their repre- sentatives, viz. Isabel wife of John Halstead, aged seventy, aunt; Joan daughter of John Blakeden, thirty, cousin ; and George son of Mary Franks, thirty, cousin.” Ralph had, however, just before his death sold all his lands to Sir Richard Shire- burne,”8° who appears to have made arrangements with members of the family and others.290

This manor descended with Stonyhurst until 1831, when it was sold by Cardinal Weld to Joseph

Fenton.29!_ It has since descended with Dutton. No courts are held.

A family named Ash had for several centuries an estate in Bailey and Aighton.”®? Ralph de Bailey granted land in Bailey to Robert son of John de Ash, to be held by 6¢. rent,?°3 and Ralph de Mitton made another grant to Robert de Ash and Henry his son at 2s. rent.294 ‘These rents were still payable in the 17th century, but there is not material avail- able to show the descent completely.29° Hugh Ash died in 1554 seised of messuages and lands in Dutton, Ribchester, Aighton and Bailey, those in the last- named township being held of the king and queen as of their manor of Clitheroe. George, the son and heir, was only a year old. Edward Ash of Clough Bank died in 1609 holding lands in Aighton and Bailey of Richard Shireburne by rents of 2s. and 6d. respectively ; his heir, his son Robert, was fifty-eight years old.97

A younger branch of the Shireburnes was designated ‘of Bailey.’ Richard Shireburne of Bailey Hall— probably lessee—was a younger son of the Hugh Shireburne of Stonyhurst who died in 1528; he died about 1580.78 A descendant, also named Richard, was outlawed for high treason in 1715, having talen part in the Jacobite rising.°° Sir Edward Sherburne, the poet (1618-1702), is usually supposed to have been of the Bailey line.3°

An early place-name was Greengore in the northern half of Bailey.2°! In 1314 Thomas del Greengore confirmed to Adam his son certain land in Bailey,

279 See note 281 below.

80 He presented to Bailey chantry in 1421. He gave leases of Bailey Hall in 1407 and 14303 Gerard, op. cit. 49, 50 (from Leagram and Stonyhurst D.). In 1403 he entailed his lands in the counties of Nottingham, York and Lancaster ; Shireburne Abstract Bk. The chief residence of the family appears to have been at Auckley, to the east of Doncaster, on the border of Notts.

Robert de Hoghton in 1407 held 4 acres in Aighton of Nicholas Clitheroe of Bailey by 4d. rent ; Ing. a.q.d. file 438, no. 26. Among the Hoghton deeds are grants of land in Bailey and Aighton from Richard son of John de Bailey to Adam de Hoghton, &c.; Dods. MSS. exlii, fol. 604, 55.

331 Robert son and heir of Nicholas Clitheroe and grandson of Edmund occurs in 1444 3 Towneley MS. C 8, 13, p- 282. He married Margaret daughter of John de Singleton ; Shireburne Ab- stract Bk.

782 Pal. of Lanc. Plea R. 5, m. 15. Robert Clitheroe in 1447-8 gave Bailey Hall on lease to Richard Crombleholme ; Shireburne Abstract Bk.

%88 Ibid. Richard was living in 1466 and Alice his widow 1473 ; ibid.

284 Ibid.

285 Ibid. The will of Thomas Clitheroe (wrongly described as incumbent of Mitton) is given in Baines’ Lancs. (ed. 1870), ii, tor.

286 Ibid. Robert presented to Bailey Chapel in 1517 and was living in 1521.

Robert Rushton of Walsall claimed the manor called Bailey Hall in right of his wife Ellen in 1518; Duchy of Lanc. Plead. Hen. VIII, iii, R 1. From a plea of 1531 it appears that Henry Alston had demised the manor of Bailey Hall to Edward Halstead for the life of

7

Ellen Rishton, widow, who had a rent of £6 16s. 8d. from it; Pal. of Lane Plea R. 153, m. 15d.

287 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

88 Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. x, no, 26.

A moiety of the manor of Bailey was in 1549 granted to Robert Low by Ralph Clitheroe, together with lands in Bailey and Goosnargh ; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 13, m. 102.

289 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

290 In 1557 Sir Richard purchased a moiety of nine messuages, &c., in Aighton and Bailey from Robert Clitheroe ; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 17, m. 21. In 1574 he purchased nine messuages, &c.y from George Green; ibid. bdle. 36, m. 280. In the following year he obtained a considerable estate in Aighton, Bailey and Whittingham from John Hopwood ; ibid. bdle. 37,m. 57. A further purchase was made in 1§90 from John Halstead in Aighton, Bailey, Winkley, Haighton and Goosnargh ; ibid. bdle. 52, m. 51. Also a smaller one in 1593 from John Burgoyne esquire in Aighton, Chaigley and Bailey ; ibid. bdle. 55, m. 153. The ‘manor’ of Bailey is not mentioned subsequently, except as part of the Shireburne estate.

91 Baines, Lancs. (ed. 1836), ili, 371.

292 Deeds are in Add. MS. 32107, no. 874-930.

298 Ibid. no. 930. Ralph de Bailey also granted land in the vill of Bailey to Robert son of John de Ash, who married Cecily daughter of Roger de Heyhurst (in Dutton) ; ibid. no. 883, 899.

994 Thid. no. 925.

295 Adam son of Adam Walkandfot in 1292 claimed a tenement in Bailey and Dutton against Richard son of Robert de Ash; Assize R. 408, m. 42. In 1304 Robert de Clitheroe claimed account against Richard de Ash, his bailiff, and

17

in 1327 against two of the name, the elder and younger; De Banco R. 152, m. 181d.3 268, m. 34.

Richard de Ashes the elder was defendant in a claim for land in Aighton put forward by Ralph son of Jordan Moody in 1334; Coram Rege R. 297, m. 16d. In 1338 Richard de Ash gave land in Bailey to his son Robert ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 898. Robert is described as ‘of Dutton’ in 1341 (ibid. no. 896) and in 1346 he obtained land in Aighton from William de Wormstall and Margaret his wife; ibid. no. 882. It appears William and Margaret (in her right) held an oxgang of land in Aighton which they sold in 1335 to Henry son of Robert del Hall ; Final Cone. ii, 98.

John de Ash seems to have followed about the time of Richard II. His son Richard married Margery daughter of Thomas del Ridding, and she in 1439, as widow of John de Whalley, had held lands of Richard de Shireburne by a rent of 2s. Thomas Ridding was her brother and heir; Add. MS. 32107, no. 874, 895, 886. For the Whalley family see Final Conc. ili, 75.

Thomas Ash in 1456 had a tenement called Hurst in Aighton; Add. MS. 32107, no. 894.

296 Duchy of Lane. Inq. p.m. x, no. 35.

297 Lancs. Ing. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 165.

298 His will of that date is printed by C. D. Sherborn, op. cit. 71, and an account of the family follows. Some other wills are printed in Wills (Chet. Soc. new ser.}, ti, 159, 179.

29) See further in the account of Dutton and Stidd.

800 See Sherborn, op. cit. 84; Gerard, Stonyhurst Coll. 82 5 Dict. Nat. Biog.

801 See the account of the Holden family.

3

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

excepting the Greengore.*”’ John son of Thomas de Greengore in 1364 released land in Claughton to Ralph de Holden ; while in 1388 Adam de Green- gore, brother and heir of John, confirmed to John son of John son of Ralph de Holden the land called Greengore in Bailey.*°

The freeholders recorded in 1600, in addition to Shireburne, Winkley and Holden, were Richard Goodshaw, Thomas Loud, Robert Read and John Tomlinson of Aighton ; also Richard Aighton of Chaigley.2* Some of these have already been named.

In 1568 there was a dispute as to Hill House in Chaigley between John Loud and Joan his wife on the one part and William Loud, &c., on the other.% Sir Richard Shireburne in 1546 purchased a messuage and land in Aighton from James Loud and Isabel his wife.39° Thomas Loud in 1632 compounded for his recusancy by an annual payment of £2.°°7 William son and heir of James Loud held land in 1691.3

Thomas Johnson a/ias Tomlinson held land in Bailey in 1546, with remainder to Richard Tomlin- son.°8 John Tomlinson died in 1624 holding land in Chaigley, with common of pasture in Bailey, of Richard Shireburne as of his manor of Aighton ; Thurstan his son and heir was fifty years of age.31° John Tomlinson, apparently another son, died in 1633 holding land in Chaigley and Clitheroe of the king ; his brother Thurstan was heir.#!1

Richard ‘ Haghton’ and Alice his wife procured a messuage called Armetridding, &c., in Chaigley from Sir Richard Shireburne and Maud his wife in 1546, apparently in exchange for a tenement in Aighton.*!? A settlement of four messuages, dovecote, lands, &c., was in 1548 made by Richard and Alice Haghton, the remainders being to sons John and Roger, and to heirs male of John father of Richard Haghton.3!8

Hugh de Hacking in 1311 acquired a messuage and land in Aighton from Thomas de Broadhurst and Agnes his wife.*44 This was probably the estate of Henry de Shuttleworth and Agnes his wife in 1366.°15 Broadhurst and other lands in Aighton were in 1644 held by Nicholas Grimshaw of Clayton.*1¢

Thomas Bradley of Thornley in 1564 held mes- suages, &c., in Chaigley partly of the queen and partly of someone unknown.*!7 Roger brother of Richard Bradley of Bailey (deceased) in 1653 peti- tioned for the restoration of a moiety of the estate, which had been sequestered for the recusancy of

Elizabeth, Richard’s widow ; she was then dead, Roger himself was ‘conformable’ to the Parliament, “ever a dutiful and constant good Churchman,’ and had two sons in the army.3!®

Mary Dewhurst a/ias Osbaldeston died in 1638 holding a messuage, &c., in Bailey of the king as of the honor of Clitheroe; Robert her son and heir was thirty years of age.*!8 Robert Dewhurst as a ‘de- linquent’ had his lands sequestered by the Parlia- ment, and in 1654 his son James petitioned for restoration.°”?

A few particulars about non-resident holders are found in the inquisitions.*?!

A considerable number of landowners contributed to the subsidy of 1524, the principal being Hugh Shireburne. The others were: Robert Ash, the wife of Thomas Clitheroe, Thomas Gooday, John Halghton, Ralph Holden, Thomas Lenox, Robert Waddington and Roger Winckley.3?? The names in the 1543 subsidy list are: Richard Shireburne, Robert Shireburne, Robert Waddington, Ralph Holden, John Gooday, the widow of John Halghton, Anthony Winckley, John Hayhurst and Thomas Johnson.**3 In 1597 the following contributed for their lands: Richard Shireburne (self and wife), Richard Holden, John Shireburne (for wife), Richard Haughton, John Tomlinson, Bartholomew Gooday, Robert Read, Thomas Lowde, Henry Heyhurst.“*! In 1626 Richard Shireburne, Roger Winckley, Richard Haighton, Thurstan Tomlinson, Richard Holden, Richard Crombleholme (for wife), Bartho- lomew Gooday, Richard Read, John Whitaker and Henry Hayhurst ; the wife of Richard Shire- burne and a large number of others paid as non- communicants.°?6

In the Commonwealth time Anne Watson, a re- cusant, had had her estates sequestered, but was dead in 1654.99 The hearth tax return of 1666 shows that at Aighton there were eighty-two hearths liable, of which Stonyhurst had twenty-three, the house of Anne Winckley widow had five, that of James Loud five, and four houses had three. At Bailey there were thirty-eight hearths, Mrs. Elizabeth Rishton’s house having five. At Chaigley there were forty-two hearths, but only two dwellings had as many as three.*27. In addition to Sir Nicholas Shireburne a number of ‘ Papists’ registered estates in 1717.°%8 The land t.x return of 1787 shows that Thomas Weld held nearly all the land; the Earl of Derby had a part of Chaigley.

802 Towneley MS. C 8, 13, p. 475.

808 Ibid. The Greengore charters are in the possession of Mr. Fitzherbert- Brockholes of Claughton.

804 Misc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 234-7.

805 Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), ii, 348 ; iii, 8.

806 Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 12, m. 226, 259; the Louds had Ridding, Laweroft, &c. Edmund Loud had a messuage and land in 1587; ibid. bdle. 49, m. 102.

307 Trans. Hist. Soc. (new ser.), xxiv, 178.

808 Exch. of Pleas, Mich. 3 Will. and Mary, m. 40.

Soy Pal, of Lane. Feet of F. bale. 12, m. 232.

5310 Towneley MS. C 8, 13, p. 1184.

81) Ibid. 1181.

312 Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 12, m. 296, 223.

813 Tbid. bdle. 13, m. 1433 see also

bdle. 52 (1590), m. 755 58 (1597), m. 17}. 314 Final Conc. ii, 10. 315 Ibid. ii, 171. Lane. iii, 518.

816 Add. MS. 32105, no. gor.

3 Duchy of Lance. Ing. p.m. xi,

See also Ducatus

no. 37. 318 Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 217~20.

319 Towneley MS. C 8, 13, p. 340.

820 Royalist Comp. Papers, ii, 244-51.

321 Sir William Leyland of Morleys in 1547 held land in Aighton and Chaig'ey of the king by the fortieth part of a knizht’s fee; Duchy of Lanc. Inq. p.m. ix, nO. 43.

Richard Crombleholme in 1588 held

18

land in Huntingdon (Dutton) and Bailey of the queen by the hundredth part of a knight’s fee ; ibid. xiv, no. 40. See also Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 28, m. 206,

James Livesey of Livesey in 1620 held land in Chaigley, but the tenure was not recorded ; Lancs. Ing. p.m. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 278.

322 Subs. R. Lancs, bdle. 139, no. 82.

833 Ibid. no. 125.

824 Thid. bdle. 131, no. 274.

825 Thid. no. 317.

326 Cal. Com. for Comp. v, 3218.

337 Lay Subs. Lancs. bdle. 2¢0, no. 9.

328 They were Edward Bradley, James Dilworth, John Hill and Samson Raw- cliffe of Aighton ; John Merrick of Bailey and Christopher Hudson of Chaigley ; Estcourt and Payne, Engl. Cath, Non-jurors, 102, 106, &c.

529 Returns at Preston.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED wrrton carr of)

A chapel of St. John the Baptist was CHURCH built in Bailey by Robert de Clitheroe, and he obtained the royal licence to grant it with the endowment he provided to Cocker- sand Abbey; the canons were to provide two chaplains.**9 This intention does not seem to have been carried into effect, for in 1338 Henry de Clitheroe obtained a fresh licence from the king authorizing him to alienate two messuages, 40 acres of land, &c., in Ribchester and Dutton for the endowment of a chaplain who should celebrate daily for the souls of Robert de Clitheroe and others.*#! In 1548 it was found that the incumbent ‘ celebrated there accordingly and did minister the Blessed Sacrament to the inhabitants adjoining at such times as the curates of the parish church cannot repair to them for the floods.’ 33? Most of the chaplains’ names are known, as follows 383 ;—

1334 William de Preston

oc. 1338 Thomas 354

oc. 1403-21 Richard Bradley

oc. 1421-62 William Bradley 3% 1468 John Bradley

oc. 14.98 William Barker

oc. 1500-17 Lawrence Towneley #67 1S17 Robert Taylor 388

In 1535 the income was returned as £3 10s. 14.589 The endowment was confiscated on the general sup- pression of chantries, the lands being sold in 1549 to William Eggleston and others,®49 and no attempt was made, so far as appears, to maintain service in the chapel. The building gradually fell into ruin, and the last remains of it were destroyed in 1830.*4! The east window had been removed to Stonyhurst and placed in its present position there, in a room then

used as a chapel.4? The Priest’s House, or Merrick’s Hall, now standing in Bailey, is thought to have been the chantry priest’s residence. It contains some wood carving: ‘Robertus Taylor cantorista hanc fabricam fieri fecit A. Dai M.D.xxiii.’ #4

In Chaigley there was a chantry of St. Chad, but nothing definite is known of its history. It is stated to have been by the roadside opposite a farm now called Chapel House.#44 The Chapel-stead in Chaigley is named in a deed of 1378-9.3# Richard Shireburne of Stonyhurst in 1600 was seised of ‘the late dissolved chantry of St. Chad in Chaigley and the chantry lands lying in the manors of Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley,’ and complained that Roger

Nowell and Richard Holden had obtained certain deeds respecting the same, which he ought to have.346

For the Church of England St. John the Evan- gelist’s was built in 1838, near Hurst Green, but within Bailey; a burial-ground is attached. A district was assigned to it in 1870.547 It is in the diocese of Ripon. ‘The vicars are presented by the vicars of Mitton.

The Congregationalists have a small endowed school-chapel at Walker Fold in Chaigley, founded in 1792. Over the doorway is the inscription : ‘Chaidg- ley Charity School, Established by Miss Ellin Haighton And endowed by Miss Ann Haighton, only daughter of Mr. Richd. Haighton, all of London. The ground bought of Mr. Richd. Haighton of Chaidgley, 1792.’ #48

From the account of the Shireburne family it may be gathered that the practice of the rites of the Roman Catholic religion was maintained in the district with more or less regularity during the whole period of the penal laws.*49 Henry Long, a secular priest educated at Rome,**° the chaplain at the hall from 1666 to 1679, was drawn into a controversy with the vicar of Mitton, who had a dispute concerning his revenues with Richard Shireburne, ‘the sacrilegious popish patron’ of Mitton, as the vicar styled him.) The secular clergy were succeeded by Jesuits about 1700,° but from 1741 to 1752 the Duchess of Norfolk had a Carmelite for chaplain.3°* On the establishment of the college in 1794 a larger chapel in the house became necessary. In 1797 part of the old stabling was fitted up for public use, and this was replaced in 1835 by the present church of St. Peter adjoining the college. It is a pleasing example of the early Gothic revival, the architect being J. J. Scoles.*4 It has in course of time become richly decorated, a tasteful high altar having been given in 1893. ‘The sacristy contains a number of valuable relics, in- cluding the cap and seal of B. Thomas More, mon- strances and other church furniture ; also rich vest- ments, including a chasuble and cope, part of a gift by Henry VII to Westminster Abbey, and a more ancient chasuble of English make called the Lucca vestment.*°> Mass is also said once a week at St.

\Joseph’s Schools, Hurst Green.

The principal endowment *® is that of £80 a year for the Shireburne almshouses.**” In addition about {10 a year is distributed to the poor from the gift of

CHARITIES

380 Cal, Pat. 1330-4, p. 9. It is possible that there had been an earlier chapel there.

331 Ibid. 1338-40, p. 303; the chapel is described as ‘lately built by Robert de Clitheroe.’

333 Raines, 211-13.

333 The list is derived from Whitaker’s Craven (ed. Morant, 29), his reference being to ‘the registers of York’ and from the Shireburne Abstract Bk.

334 Towneley MS. OO, no. 1430.

335 William Bradley, chaplain of the chantry of Bailey, in 1430-1 made an exchange of lands with the patron, Nicholas Clitheroe ; ibid. no. 1221, 1223.

He had a son John named in some of the deeds in the Shireburne Abstract Bk.

336-7 He occurs in 1500 ; OO, no. 1457. He resigned in 1517 and Taylor succeeded.

Chantries (Chet. Soc.),

338 Taylor was still chaplain in 1548, being sixty-nine years old ; Raines, loc. cit. 339 Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v, 144.

340 Pat. 3 Edw. VI, pt. iii.

341 Notitia Cestr. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 474.

342 Whitaker, loc. cit.

33 Gerard, op. cit. 99.

344 A ‘chapel house’ existed in 1725 ; Walkden’s Diary, 11 (quoted by Nightin- gale). See also Stonyhurst Mag. Nov. 1887 and the account of Crawshaw.

343 Shireburne Abstract Bk.

346 Duchy of Lanc. Plead. Eliz. excv, S12.

347 Lond. Gaz. 25 Feb. 1870.

348 Nightingale, Lancs. Nonconf. ii, 217~ 22. An account of the foundation and endowments is given in End. Char, Rep. 1899.

349 The hiding-places in the hall itself are described in Gerard, op. cit. 78.

19

360 Foley, Rec. S. J. vi, 398.

351 Gillow, Bibl. Dict. of Engl. Cath. iv, 326.

352 Foley, Rec. S. J. v, 4.00. was also a chapel at Bailey Hall.

353 Zimmerman, Carmel in England, 372.

354 Gerard, op. cit. 100,

355 Thid. 245-58 ; views of some are given.

356 An official inquiry was made in 1898; the report, issued in 1899, in- cludes a reprint of that of 1826. The details here given are derived from it.

357 Richard ‘Scireburne’ had in 1686 intended to found an ‘almshouse or maison de Dieu’ for twenty aged persons, and his son Sir Nicholas in 1706 carried the project into execution. Each of the almspeople was to have £4 a year and twelve places were appropriated to the township of Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley.

There

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

Richard Pickering,#*8 and other sums from those of John Richmond *® and James Standford.* The schools at Chaigley and Hurst Green have endow- ments.

SHIREBURNE ALMSHOUSES.—Above Stony- hurst, at the east end of Longridge Fell, at a height of 800 ft. above sea level, stand the Shireburne Alms- houses, a picturesque stone building now neglected ** and in the first stages of decay, erected in the early years of the 18th century by Sir Nicholas Shire- burne. The plan is an adaptation of that of the usual courtyard type employed in such institutions combined with the E-shaped house plan, the wings projecting only 28 ft. in front of the main block.3? The ‘courtyard’ in reality forms a terrace 69 ft. 6 in. by 28 ft., raised about 8 ft. above the ground, and approached by a semicircular flight of sixteen steps, 47 ft. 6 in. in diameter, forming a most effective architectural feature. The design of the whole building is thoughtful and refined, and has an in- stinctive fitness and charm, emphasized perhaps by its present forsaken condition. It is a good example of simple Renaissance work, in which full advantage has been taken of the nature of the site on the slope

of the hillside. The walls are of wrought stone with ashlar dressings and plain architraves to all the windows, and the roofs are covered with stone slates with overhanging eaves. The end wings are 19 ft. in width, the whole of the south front being about 107 ft. 6 in. in length, which is increased by high stone walls and gates connecting a small stone out- building on each side with the main structure. The building is of one story, except in the projecting centre, which rises above the roofs on either side and is sur- mounted by a pedimented gable with stone vase orna- ments. In the pediment are the arms of Shireburne with crest and supporters, and below in large letters the words ‘Shireburn Almshouses,’ and over the middle entrance is a large blank stucco panel, evidently added later, on which probably there was a painted inscription which has completely disappeared. The tenements of the inmates are arranged in ten small double rooms in the middle and side wings, five on each side of the ‘chapel,’ with the names of the different townships over the doors.°® From the terrace, which is inclosed by a stone balustrade with turned balusters, there is a fine view to the south

over the Ribble Valley.

CHIPPING

CHIPPING

This secluded parish,! still uncrossed by a railway line, lies in the hilly country between Longridge Fell on the south and Parlick and Fairsnape Fell on the north ; the principal stream is the Loud, dividing the two townships as it flows north-east to join the Hodder. The area is 8,8544 acres, and the popula- tion in 1901 numbered 1,133.

The district was called Chippingdale ; but this term covered a somewhat wider area than the present parish.

Few antiquities have been found, but a Roman road crossed part of Thornley.

The transference of the parish from its original hundred of Amounderness to that of Blackburn was probably a consequence of the grant of the manor to the lords of Clitheroe. Ecclesiastically it remained in the deanery of Amounderness.

It was one of the parishes laid waste by the Scots in 1322, but apart from this its story has been as peaceful and uneventful as from its out-of-the-way situation might be expected.

The pensions are still paid, but the bene-

ficiaries have for a long time preferred to shire.

Lancashire and for some places in York-

THORNLEY WITH WHEATLEY

To the tax called the fifteenth Chipping paid 28s. and Thornley with Wheatley 175. 6¢., when the hundred paid £37 15. 7¢.2 To the county lay of 1624 the two portions paid respectively {2 195. 6d. and {1 175. 2d. towards £100 levied on the hundred.$

In 1666 the East End of Chipping had seventy- one hearths liable to be taxed and the West End forty-five, but no house had more than four hearths. In Thornley Alexander Osbaldeston’s house had seven hearths and Henry Shireburne’s the same ; no other dwelling had more than three.*

The agricultural land is thus classified: arable land, 46 acres ; permanent grass, 6,721 ; woods and plantations, 75.14

The church of ST. BARTHOLO-

CHURCH MEW stands on rising ground at the north-west side of the village and consists

of chancel and nave with north and south aisles, south porch, west tower and a modern vestry at the north- east corner of the north aisle. ‘The chancel and nave are without structural division and under one roof,

the rector of Stonyhurst in money doles to poor cottagers.

live in their own villages, as the alms- houses are in an out-of-the-way spot on the side of Longridge. It has been pro- posed to take the buildings down and re- erect them on a more accessible site. The Stonyhurst trustees are liable for re- pairs.

Two each of the almspeople were to be chosen from Dutton, Ribchester, Wiswell and Mitton.

Sir Nicholas also intended to give qos. a year to the boatman at Hacking boat, but there is no evidence that this was ever paid. He desired that his tenants and other inhabitants should have a free passaze. Other charities were directed for Leagram, Chorley and Hambleton in

358 He gave his land in Ded Banks in Clayton-le-Dale for the benefit of poor housekeepers of Aighton, Bailey and Chaigley. The rent is £10, which is distributed annually in small money doles.

39 By his will of 1769 he left the residue of his personal estate (£50) for clothing poor children and relieving old people of the township. The capital is now invested in consols, and the interest, 29s. a year, is distributed in money doles to the sick and other poor persons by the vicar of Hurst Green.

360 See the account of Ribchester chari- ties. The share of Bailey amounted in 1898 to £3 2s. 10d., distributed through

20

“1 The last occupant of the houses, who had lived there some time alone, died in 1910.

362 The middle part of the main block, which projects 2 ft., was probably intended for a chapel, but has never been so used,

363 Chaigley, Bailey and Aighton occur each twice.

1 Sixty years ago the people were de- scribed as ‘plain, homespun, dialectal, retiring, home-loving dwellers, having little and needing less’ ; Parkinson, Old Church Clock (ed. Evans), xvi.

2 Gregson, Fragments (ed. Harland), 19.

3 Ibid. 23.

* Lay Subs. Lancs. bile. 250, no. 9g.

44 Statistics from Bd. of Agric. (1905).

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Fair Oak

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Stonyhurst

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Inpex Map or Curppinc, Leacram, AiGHTon anpD RipcHESTER

21

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

marked, however, on the outside by a very slight difference in height, the total length being 75 ft., and are open on each side to the aisles by an arcade of five pointed arches. ‘The east end of the chancel, which is 16§ ft. wide, is inclosed north and south for a length of 7 ft. by a blank wall, and the aisles, which are unequal in width, are continued the full length of the chancel, the east wall of the building being straight and unbroken, but they stop short of the full length of the nave at the west end. The wider north aisle is under a separate gabled roof of equal height to that of the nave, but the nave roof is continued over the south aisle at a slightly flatter pitch. Both roofs are covered with stone slates and have overhanging eaves, and the walls are constructed of local rubble without plinth, but with buttresses of two stages and diagonal ones at the angles.

The church is largely an early 16th-century re- building of an older edifice, which, judging from the north arcade and the piscina in the chancel, seems to have been of 13th-century date. Little or nothing, however, can be said with certainty about the plan or extent of this early building, as the later recon- struction has made the architectural evidence rather elusive, but the plan suggests that the church had north and south aisles in mediaeval times and that having become dilapidated the south aisle was rebuilt about 1506 with a new spacing of the bays to which it was intended to adapt the north arcade. In the end the north arcade, however, perhaps because it was in a better state of preservation, was left more or less as it was, but the piers were largely rebuilt and new caps introduced, fragments of the older work being used up.® There are no traces of an ancient chancel, but if such existed eastward of the present plan it was probably destroyed before the end of the 16th century. There is, however, no evidence of this and the character of the original eastern termina- tion can only be surmised. The 13th-century piscina in the short length of the present chancel wall is probably not in its original position, but if it is, then it is possible that the 13th-century church consisted of a nave extending only as far as the third pier of the north arcade from the east, but possibly further west- ward. The two west arches are wider than the others and the capital of the pier in question is of a more or less nondescript character. It is scarcely likely that the present arrangement of plan without a structural chancel] is that which originally obtained. The tower is an addition or rebuilding of the early 16th century, to which period the rest of the build- ing, where not modern, belongs. In 1702 the church is said to have been reseated, in 1754 a gallery was erected at the west end of the nave, and in 1811 a considerable amount of repairs seems to have been done.6 Previous to 1872 the exterior was white- washed,” but in that year a thorough restoration of the building was commenced, the roof being found to be dilapidated, the tower unsafe and the masonry of the windows decayed. The north and south walls and south porch were then rebuilt, the ceiling and gallery removed and the church seated with open benches.

5 Fragments of 14th-century tracery work are said to have been discovered during the 1872-3 restoration in different parts of the building ; T. C. Smith, Hise. of Chipping, 70.

§ The churchwardens’ accounts show a payment in that year of £67 115. ghd. for repairs.

“Glynne, Churches of Lancs. Glynne visited Chipping in

There was a partial renovation of the building in 1909. ;

The chancel is 25 ft. 9 in. long, occupying the two easternmost bays, but the wood screen which formerly stood in line with the second pier has disappeared,® and the chancel is now only differentiated from the nave by the raising of the floor and the arrangement of the seating. The east window, the mullions of which have been renewed, is of five cinquefoiled lights with hollow-chamfered jambs and external hood mould and a low elliptical-arched head without tracery. ‘The 13th-century piscina in the south wall has a trefoiled head, edge-roll moulding and nail-head ornament, but its bowl is gone. In the north wall is a recess with pointed head, 16 in. wide, originally an opening but now built up and used as a credence. The roofs and fittings of the chancel together with those of the rest of the church are modern, the oak quire stalls being erected in 1909. The walls throughout are plastered internally.

The north arcade has five pointed arches of two chamfered orders springing from octagonal piers, 1 ft. g in. in diameter and 6 ft. in height to the top of the caps. The arches may be the original 13th-century ones and some parts of the caps, as already stated, are probably of this date. Three of these caps follow the section of the piers and are simply moulded with a plain square upper and rounded lower member. One of them is quite plain, but the other two are carved in the neck with, for the most part, very elementary patterns such as an unskilled carver might naturally use at any period, and are probably of the time of the 16th-century rebuilding. On two sides of the westernmost cap, however, there are representations of mediaeval tracery of a type common c. 1300, consisting of two small circles, one with quatrefoil cusping and the other of the ‘rose tournante’ type, and a pointed ‘window’ of three lights with the mullions intersecting in the head, and on the same cap a dragon also occurs. It seems likely, however, that all this work is of one date, the new capitals being carved by a workman of eclectic tastes having a general knowledge of mediaeval forms. The ‘ rose tournante’ occurs also on the base of the font, which is of 16th-century date. The cap of the third pier from the east is a made-up one and on the east side is carved with four heads and a beak which seem to be original 13th-century work, and the west respond has also two heads apparently of equal date. The impost of the east respond, however, suggests rough work of early 16th-century type, and is evidently coeval with the patterns on the two caps to which reference has already been made. The late date of these seems clear from the introduction of a pointed ‘window’ as an ornament in a horizontal position, suggesting a period when mediaeval forms were copied without being understood. The south arcade consists of five pointed arches of two chamfered orders on octagonal piers 16in.in diameter, with moulded caps and chamfered bases, g ft. high to the top of the caps, and spaced without reference to the piers on the

1867. The whole church was then ‘out of condition’ and the fittings bad.

8 Glynne in 1867 noted that ‘the base of the wood scre-o remains across the second pier from the east, and has some original panelling.’

22

Cuippinc CHURCH FROM THE SOUTH

Curppinc Cuurcuy: Tue Nave, tooxinc East

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

opposite side. The north aisle is 70 ft. 6in. long by 15 ft. 4in. wide, and is lit by three square-headed windows of four trefoiled lights in the rebuilt north wall, with a modern window of three trefoiled lights at the east and an old one of four lights at the west end. The aisle extends 6 ft. 6 in. west of the arcade and formerly possessed, ‘ near the east end of the north wall,’ a low side window about 18 in. high, 8 in. wide, and 2 ft. from the ground,® which was done away with in the restoration of 1872-3, when a small vestry was erected at the north end of the aisle on the north side. ‘The organ now occupies the east end. The south aisle is 68 ft. gin. long and 11 ft. 4 in. wide, and is lit by four square-headed windows of three trefoiled lights in the new south wall, and by an original window of similar type at the east end, the mullions of which have been renewed. The east end of the aisle was formerly the Shireburne chapel, com- monly known as the Wolfhouse quire from the name of the residence of its possessor,!? and was separated from the rest of the church by a low wooden par- tition. In the restoration of 1872 a stoup was found in the wall.1!_ There is a priest’s door oppo- site the second bay from the east, the principal entrance being at the west end opposite the fifth bay. West of the door in the south wall is built a plain piscina without bowl, and there is another similar one in the west wall between the window and the arcade. The porch is of stone with gabled roof, the eaves of which come close to the ground. In its east wall is a small arched recess built into the wall. At the east end of the nave roof on the south side is a dormer window of five lights, rebuilt in 1873, with stone mullions and timber gable.

The font, which stands at the west end of the south aisle near the door, is of gritstone, octagonal in shape and of 16th-century date. On each face is a shield, three of which are carved with emblems of the Passion, and the others with the sacred monogram, the initials yj. s. and other devices, one side only being blank. The stem has eight hollowed sides, and on the foot is a series of devices in Gothic letters which have been interpreted as a MG + PDT (Ave Maria Gratia Plena Dominus Tecum).!?

The tower is 13 ft. square internally with diagonal buttresses of five stages and a vice in the south-west corner. The stages are unmarked externally by any string course and the character of the whole is very plain, the walls being of rubble and terminating in an embattled parapet with continuous moulding to merlons and embrasures and with angle pinnacles. The belfry windows are of two trefoiled lights with stone louvres but without hood moulds, On the north and south sides the walls below the belfry windows are quite plain except for a small square opening on the north and a clock on the south side,

CHIPPING

but on the west side are a pointed door with moulded jambs and head and a traceried window of three trefoiled lights and external hood mould. The tower arch is of two chamfered orders springing from moulded imposts and was opened out in 1873, the bells being rung from the floor of the church.

A modern stone pulpit replaces one of wood which had a massive canopy and was inscribed with the initials of the Rev. Thomas Clarkson, vicar, and the date 1723.

In the restoration of 1872-3 during the removal of the whitewash several painted texts were brought to light!’ but these, with an inscription on the east face of the central pier of the north arcade,!4 have been lost.

On the face of the east respond of the south arcade is a brass !© to the ‘two wyves of Robert Parkinson of Fayresnape,’ Marie daughter of Jerome Asheton, died 1611, and Anne daughter of George Singleton of Stayninge, died 1623. At the bottom of the inscription are a skull and cross-bones and these lines :—

‘Theire partes theire persons and theire vertvovs lyfe Now rest in peace freed from the bond of wyfe.’

There is a tablet on the south wall of the chancel, where he is buried, to the Rev. John Milner, vicar 1739 to 1777, but the other monuments are all modern. They include a brass to the fifteenth Earl of Derby, who died in 1893.

There is a ring of six bells cast by Thomas Mears in 1793.

The plate consists of a chalice of 1601-2 inscribed round the rim ‘The Comvnion cupp of y* Churche of Chyping in y® County of Lancaster 1602,’ with the maker’s mark R.B.; and a paten of 1876 by Elkington inscribed ‘St. Bartholomew’s Church, Chipping, Easter 1876.’ There is also a bread-holder.

The registers begin in 1559. The first two volumes (1559-1694) have been printed.16 ‘The churchwardens’ accounts begin in 1809. Plans of the seating 1635 to 1818 have been preserved.!”

The churchyard, which lies principally on the south side of the church and is approached from the road by a broad flight of stone steps, was enlarged in 1863. It contains an old yew tree and a stone sundial dated 1708, inscribed with the initials of the churchwardens. The plate bears the name of Jas. Hunter, maker, Wappin, London. The oldest decipherable dated stone is 1754.

Originally the church may have

ADVOWSON been a chapel of Preston, the rector of which place claimed the presen-

tation in 124018; but the right of the lord of Clitheroe, to whom the manor had been given, seems in later times to have been admitted without question,

1635) 1739, 1769 and 1818 are printed

9T. C. Smith, History of Chipping, 69. The illustration there given of the east end of the church, however, shows this window in the east wall of the aisle. The illustration is presumably correct,

10 Cf. T. C.Smith, Chipping, 73 (quoting Derby MSS.).

1 Smith, op. cit. 74.

1 The shields and inscription on the font are given, Gent. Mag. 1772, p. 588 5 but the shields are placed wrong side up, and the small letters of the inscription are placed close together instead of being

separate, and are made larger than the shields. For corrections see Baines’ Lancs. (Croston’s edition), iv, 76, and T. C. Smith, op. cit. 73.

13 T, C. Smith, op. cit. 70.

M4 It consisted of the name ‘Rich. Singl(e)ton.’

15 Formerly on a flag in the floor of the central aisle ; Hewitson, Our Country Churches, 537- ;

16 Lancs. Parish Reg. Soc. vol. xiv (1903). Transcribed by Alice Brier- ley.

"a T. C. Smith, Chipping, 76 ; the lists

23

in full.

18 The church being then vacant the king claimed to present as guardian of the lands and heir of Johnde Lacy. The Prior of Lancaster claimed, but withdrew absolutely ; the rector of Preston (Amery des Roches), who alleged that Chipping was only a chapel belonging to his church, withdrew his claim for a time, until the heir should be of age, it being acknow- ledged that the lord of Clitheroe had presented the last incumbent; Abbrev. Plac. (Rec. Com.), 110, 111.

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

and he and his successors in title presented to Chip- ping.’ Soon after the foundation of the see of Chester by Henry VIII this rectory was in 1 546-7 given to the bishop by the king in exchange for certain lands,” and from about that time the bishop enjoyed the profits of the rectory,?! appointing a vicar. After the establishment of the see of Manchester the patronage was transferred from Chester, and the Bishop of Man- chester now collates. The income of the rectory goes to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

At the end of the 13th century the benefice was valued at £10 135. 4d. a year,” but forty years later, after the invasion of the Scots, at only £5.% In 1341 this was still the estimate, Chipping being

The following have been rectors and vicars :—

responsible for sos. and Thornley for the other sos.24; but by 1535 the estimated value had risen to £25 15. 84.28 The tithes in 1650 were valued at £85 5s. a year, and there were other profits bringing the total value to over £126 ‘before the wars,’ of which {10 went to the vicar; the officiating minister in 1650 had £60 out of the whole.% After the restoration of episcopacy the minister’s stipend would be reduced to its old amount, but in 1720 his income was certified as £36 135. 4d.; the vicar had also the use of the mansion or parsonage-house.*” Grants from Queen Anne’s Bounty were obtained in 1768 and later.28 The value of the vicarage is now stated as £285.

ReEcTors Instituted Name Patron Cause of Vacancy c. 1230 4 Robert 7° . Poe 29 Nov. 1240 Peter the Physician * . The King . 2... 5 Nov. 1241 William Lawrence 3! Pe - «+ «+ « « res. P. the Physician oc. 1279 Ralph de Aldburne 3? — Rogen®®:. <5. sf 16 Mar. 1326-7 Robert de Langton. Queen Isabel d. Roger oc. 1348-58 Gilbert de Marsden * . —— 15 Mar. 1368-g Thomas le Wise* . Duke of Lancaster. . . — oc. 1391 John Exton *6 ge Wikr Sve — 11 June 1393 William Whitewell . Duke of Lancaster. . . —— 1 July 1394 Robert Marshford - res, W. Whitewell Robert Gowe . . — Dec. 1399 John Maryden*” . The King res. Rt. Gowe 17 July 1421 John Caton *8 es BR 9 e eck — 28 Jan. 1441-2 . Lawrence Caton. . . . . ‘s . . . res. John Caton

19 In 1361 it was found that Henry Duke of Lancaster had held the advow- son ; Whitaker, Whalley, ii, 480, quoting Chan. Ing. p.m. 35 Edw. III, no. 122.

29 Pat. 38 Hen. VIII, pt. v, quoted in Ormerod’s Ches. (ed. Helsby), i, 97.

21 The bishop appears as rector in the visitation list of 1554. He came into possession on the death of the last rector in that year.

2 Pope Nich. Tax. (Rec. Com.), 307. This ‘old taxation’ was made in 1292.

28 Ibid. 327 5 the date in the heading is 1334.

24 Ing. Nonarum (Rec. Com.), 38. The reason given for the reduction, in addition to the havoc caused by the Scots, was that in the ‘new taxation’ the value of the glebe and certain tithes, oblations and altarage dues had not been reckoned.

2 Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v, 262. The mansion-house and glebe were worth 3s. a year, the tithe of grain £13, other tithes £3 10s., Easter offerings, &c., £8 35. 8d.

26 Commonw. Ch, Surv. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), 169, 196, where are given particulars of a lease made by the Bishop of Chester in 1598 at the rent of £25 1s. 8d. There were ‘a fair parsonage house and about 5 acres of giebe (great measure), with liberty to get turbary, all which is valued to be worth 47 per annum,’ Of the rent named £10 was paid to the vicar, to whom in 1647 the Committee of Plundered Ministers ordered £50 a year more to be paid out of the profits of the rectory, it being sequestered from Christopher Harris, a Papist in arms,’ who enjoyed the lease in right of his wife.

Tt is not clear that the increase in the

vicar's stipend was maintained ; Plund. Mins. Accts, (Rec. Soc. Lancs, and Ches.), ii, 288.

27 Gastrell, Notitia Cestr. (Chet. Soc.), ii, 401. The vicar’s stipend was made up of £10, the old allowance from the bishop, and £21 135. 4d. from the lessee ; surplice fees amounted to £5.

2° For particulars see T. C. Smith, Chipping, 63, &c. ; lands were bought in Dutton and Whittingham. Terriers of both rectory and vicarage are printed ibid.

79 Parson of Chippingdale ; Lanc. Ch. (Chet. Soc.), i, 165.

30 Cal, Pat. 1232-47, p. 239. The king presented in right of the heir of John de Lacy, his ward.

31 Ibid. 265. ‘William the clerk of Chipping’ attested a grant to Sawley ; Harl. MS. 112, fol. 726, Also another in Dilworth ; Add. MS. 32106, fol. 3115. These may be earlier than 1241.

3? In 1279-80 Cecily widow of William de la Sale claimed dower in certain messuages and lands in Chipping against Ralph the parson and other people of the place; De Banco R. 28, m. 64 4.3 36, m. 45d. In 1281 Pope Martin IV notified to the Archbishop of York that he had taken under his protection Ralph de Aldburne, priest, who had taken the cross and intended to go to the assistance of the Holy Land. In the margin of the register Ralph is described as ‘ former tector of Chipping’; Wickwane’s Reg. (Surtees Soc.), 121.

Adam son of Thurstan the chaplain in 1292 claimed a tenement in Chipping held by Simon de Beforton, but was non- suited ; Assize R. 408, m. 42. There is nothing to show Thurstan’s position.

88 This and some later names are from

24

Torre’s list of rectors; Archdeaconry of Richmond, 1825.

4 Gilbert was the son of Richard de Merclesden or Marsden. He occurs as plaintiff or defendant from 1348 onwards ; De Banco R. 354, m. 3993 360, m. 37; &c He was in 1350 charged with the abduction of William son and heir of John de Marsden ; ibid. 363, m. 78 d.

35 The date of presentation is from Raines MSS. (Chet. Lib.), xxii, 387. Thomas le Wise, rector of Chipping, is mentioned ina pleading of 1373 ; De Banco R. 452,m. 113. Also in a fine of 1375 ; Final Conc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 188-9. Again in the following year he was charged with detaining a box con- taining charters ; De BancoR. 462, m. 136.

36 He had a dispensation from illegiti- macy, enabling him to be ordained and hold a benefice, and this was extended by Boni- face IX in 1391 to enable him to hold three benefices, &c. ; Cal. Papal Letters, iv, 387.

37 Raines MSS. xxii, 395. The king presented as Duke of Lancaster. It may be noted that a Robert Gowe, king’s clerk, was in 1399 presented to the rectory of Wigston and in the following ycar to a canonry at Windsor; Cal. Pur. 1399- 1401, pp. 154, 356. Torre gives his successors name as Marmyon.

38 Raines MSS. xxii, 397.

89 Ibid. 4o9. The feoffees of King Henry (as Duke of Lancaster) presented. John Caton resigned Chipping for the vicarage of Longford (dio. Lichfield), which Lawrence Caton vacated.

Two ‘chaplains’ occur in the 15th cen- tury, viz. Thomas Mawdesley in 1427 and Richard Smethes in 1447 3 Cal. Pat. 1422-9, p. 3653 Pal. of Lanc. Plea R. To, m. 42.

Tue Fonr

CurppinG CHURCH :

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

Instituted Name oc. 1472-80 Thomas Swift. oc. 1481 James Straitbarrell#! . 2 1. 30 Apr. 1523. . Thomas Mawdesley#?. . . . 4 Aug. 1530 . Thomas Westby. . . . . . 12 Feb. 1531 . George Wolset, LL.D.4A4 . 2... oc. 1562 John Marsden ae 8 Feb. 1589-90 Richard Parker*® . 2 2. . 5 Oct. 1616 William Armitstead #7, 0. c. 1622 John King *®

16 Oct. 1672. 12 Aug. 1692 23 Dec. 1701

1g Aug. 1721 Thomas Clarkson, M.A.*

29 May 1738 William Rawstorne®® . . . 19 Feb. 1738- 9: John Milner, M.A,

11 Mar. 1778 Thomas Pearce, M.A.*

3 Aug.1779 - 21 Nov. 1786 . 10 May 1807 28 Nov. 1816.

8 Nov. 1864 . 21 Dec. 1886.

40 He was in 1472 summoned to answer Hugh Radcliffe regarding a claim for £8 13s.4d.; Pal. of Lanc. Writs Proton. 1 Aug. 12 Edw. IV. In 1480 the Abbot of Whalley claimed £40 from him ; Add. MS. 32108, no. 1464.

4l Acting as trustee he was described as ‘chaplain’ in 1479 and as ‘rector of Chipping’ in 1481; Kuerden MSS. iii, H3. He held various other benefices, including the rectory of St. Mary-by-the- Castle, Chester, 1506-23; Earwaker, St. Mary’s, 79.

There are full accounts of the rectors and vicars from this time in T. C. Smith’s Chipping, 84-108. Several particulars in the following notes have been taken from that work.

The next presentation to the rectory was in 1515 granted to James Worsley ; L. and P. Hen. VIL, ii (1), 1157.

42 There was formerly an inscription on one of the church windows, asking for prayers for the soul of Master Thomas Mawdesley, founder of the chantry, and his parents, dated 1530; Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), ii, 132.

48 He held various other benefices and was one of the king’s chaplains (Smith), and became Archdeacon of York 1540-3 5 Le Neve, Fasti, iii, 134.

“This name may be Wolfet or Wolflet; he is noticed further under Ribchester, of which parish he became rector in 1543.

At the visitation of 1554 the bishop was recorded as parson, and a ‘Thomas Manstem’ (?), beneficed elsewhere, seems to have been in charge.

45 Alias Marston. Little is known of this vicar, recorded at the visitation of 1562, when he appeared but did not sub- scribe. He may be identical with the above-named ‘T. Manstem.’ The will of ‘Sir John Marsden, clerk, vicar of Chipping,’ was proved at Chester in 1588. An abstract is given by T. C, Smith (op. cit.) ; it names ‘John Parker alias Marsden, my bastard son.’

46 Act Bk. at Chester, fol. 184. No first-fruits were paid by the vicars, but the institutions have, when possible, been compared with those in the Institution

7

Richard White, M. A. 49 a 8 8 Humphrey Briscoe, B.A’? .. Thomas Atherton, M.A.*).

William Stockdale®® . . . John Carlisle 7 . ‘ ind se James Penny, M.A. 2 1. Edmund Wilkinson ®®, 2... Richard Robinson, B.A. 2... John Birch Jones, B.D... .

Vicars

”

Books (P.R.O.), as printed in Lanes. and Ches. Antig. Notes. See also Baines, Lancs. (ed. Croston), iv, 79.

Richard Parker, son of Reynold Parker of Greystonelee in Bowland, copied the early volume of the registers, in which his own baptism (1563) is recorded. He was Dean of Amounderness, but was described as ‘no preacher’ in 1590, and again about 1610; S. P. Dom. Eliz. xxxi, 473 Hist. MSS. Com, Rep. xiv, App. iv, 9.

In 1610 it was returned that Richard Parker, vicar, had ‘but one benefice of 4os. by year, and no vicarage house’; Chester Consistory Ct. Papers.

47 Act Bk. at Chester, fol. 63. The name is otherwise given as Armitsdale. Nothing seems to be known of him, but the baptism of Margaret daughter of William Armistead is recorded 8 Apr. 1628.

48 His name occurs in the registers from 1625. His burial on 23 Sept. 1672 is thus recorded: ‘John King, clerk, minister of God’s word at Chip- ping for fifty years last past departed this life September the twenty-second Anno Dom. 1672 and was buried in the south side of the chancel in the parish church of Chipping aforesaid.’

In 1624 John King paid £4 8s. to the clerical subsidy for Chipping, possibly as agent of the Bishop of Chester; Misc. (Rec. Soc, Lancs. and Ches.), i, 81.

He accepted the Presbyterian discipline without hesitation, for in 1646 he was a member of the third classis; Baines, Lancs. (ed. 1868), i, 227. In 1650 he was commended as ‘an able, orthodox divine’; Commonw. Ch. Surv. 170. He seems to have conformed as readily in 1662, remaining at Chipping till his death.

The inventory of his goods (Smith, op. cit. 91-2) shows a considerable farm- ing stock, but no books.

49 Educated at Emmanuel Coll., Camb. 5 M.A. 1675. Was appointed to Whalley in 1694, and died in 1703.

50 Educated at Jesus Coll., Camb. ; B.A. 1689. His will was proved at Richmond in 1702.

25

Patron

Bp. of Chester .

Bp. of Manchester

CHIPPING

Cause of Vacancy

ew dh Jo Kang

res. R. White d. H. Briscoe res. T. Atherton

ak a a Clarion

res. W. Rawstorne d. J. Milner

res. T. Pearce

d. W. Stockdale

. dj. Penny d. E. Wilkinson res. R. Robinson

51 Educated at Trin. Coll., Camb. ; M.A. 1698. He was promoted to the rectory of Aughton near Ormskirk in 1721 (q.v.)

52 Educated at Queen’s Coll., Oxf. ; M.A. 1714. He became rector of Hey- sham in 1735. At Chipping he had quarrels with his parishioners. He published some books, one being a treatise on confirmation. He seems to be the ‘Mr. Kelly, High Church parson,’ of a local squib of which a full account is printed in Smith’s Chipping, 171-8.

58 Resigned on being promoted to the rectory of Badsworth, Yorks.

54 Educated at Jesus Coll., Camb. ; M.A. 1745. He was a friend and fellow worker of John Wesley, and frequently mentioned in his diaries. He was also one of the king’s preachers in Lanca- shire.

53 Edueated at Oriel Coll, Oxi; M.A. 17713; D.D. 17933; Foster, Alumni. He became prebendary of

Chester, rector of Coddington, and then of West Kirby, and sub-dean of the Chapel Royal.

56 He was also curate of Samlesbury, where he resided. He was a king’s preacher.

57 He was also master of Brabin’s School and king’s preacher. In 1790 there were ‘three Sacrament days’ yearly ; T. C. Smith, op. cit. 66.

58 Educated at Brasenose and Hertford Colls., Oxf.; M.A. 17843 Foster, Alumni. In 1809 he was appointed vicar of Preston (q.v.), and retained both benefices till death.

59 * A man of considerable power and influence, an able preacher, and deservedly esteemed by his parishioners’; Croston in Baines’ Lancs. iv, 81. He was also master of the free school from 1817 to 1837.

60 Educated at St. Bees; B.A. at Trinity Coll., Dublin, 1867. Preferred to the vicarage of Carlton on Trent in 1886,

61 Educated at Lampeter; B.D. 1889. Exchanged Chipping for All Sainte’, West Gorton, in 1891.

4

A HISTORY OF

Instituted Name 7 1891 George Burwell, M.A.” 2. 11 Oct. 1904 Walter Hudson, M.A."

A chantry, St. Mary’s, was founded by Thomas Mawdesley, rector 1523-30," and its priest was Ralph Parker in 1535.°° Its altar was on the north side of the church.

The free school was established under the will of John Brabin, dated 1683.°°

There does not seem to be any record of the normal staff of clergy in this parish before the Reformation.*” At each of the visitations of 1548 and 1554 two names are given, but probably only one was resident, and he may have been a domestic chaplain.*® ‘The chantry endowment had perhaps been intended partly to secure at least one resident priest. After the rectory was appropriated to the bishopric it may be presumed that the Bishops of Chester usually took care that their vicar should reside, but there is little on record about the parish. The vicar of the Commonwealth period held the benefice during all the changes ; and another noteworthy incident is the hostile reception accorded by many of the people to Wesley, when John Milner, the vicar, desired him to preach at Chipping. In June 1752 Wesley and his friend the vicar returned to Chipping from an evangelizing tour, and were in- formed that the churchwardens and some others were consulting as to the means of preventing Wesley from preaching. After an interview they were pacified, and Wesley preached in the church without disturbance. Next year, however, several of those present stopped Wesley by force from officiating ; but a large part of the congregation followed him into the vicarage after prayers, and he preached to them."®

The churchwardens at the visitation of 1753 pre- sented the vicar ‘ for disorderly behaviour in the church on Sunday the 4'* of March in the time of divine service ; also for absenting himself on several holydays and at divers times neglecting to read prayers as usual ; likewise for introducing strange and unlicensed preachers into his pulpit, contrary to the canon.’

LANCASHIRE

Patron

. Bp. of Manchester . -

Cause of Vacancy exch. J. B. Jones res. G. Burwell

ad ”

In 1755 it was stated that there were in the parish 136 families of Protestants and 38 of Dissenters.” An inquiry into the charities was CHARITIES made in 1901.7 John Brabin, the founder of the schools, also established almshouses, for which there is now an income of £107 §5., but only part of this is spent upon the six almswomen.”? Edward Helme in 1691 gave land now producing £35 a year for the general benefit of the poor.’ This sum and £16 1os. from another foundation 74 are distributed in money doles in the township of Chipping. For Thornley with Wheatley there is an endowment of £9 18s. a year, distributed in sheets and flannel and skirts.”

CHIPPING

Chipinden, Dom. Bk. ; Chipping, 1242 ; Chepin, 1246; Chipindale, 1258 ; Chipin, 1258; the final g seldom occurs till xvi cent. Schepin and similar forms are found occasionally, 1292 and later.

The northern boundary at Fairsnape Fell attains a height of 1,700 ft. ; thence a spur shoots south, terminating in Parlick, 1,416 ft. high. Saddle Fell is a minor eminence to the east. From Parlick the ground slopes rapidly to the east and south, but land over 600 ft. high projects south-east, and on the eastern slope of this, close to the boundary, are Chipping village and church, beside a brook running south to join the sluggish Loud, which rises on Parlick and bounds the township on the west (for part of the way) and south, curling round a hill soo ft. high, Elmridge. Core is in the north-west corner, and Wolfhall, formerly Wolfhouse, in the north, The area of the township is 5,634 acres,! and it had a population of 820 in 1go1.

The principal road is that from Thornley to Chip- ping village, going north. Many smaller roads branch off from it, crossing the township in all directions.

Richard

69 Educated at St. John’s Coll., Camb. ; M.A. 1874. Previously rector of All Saints’, Gorton.

8 Educated at Exeter Coll, Oxf.; M.A. 1898. Previously rector of St. Cyprian’s, Ordsall,

®4 Ducatus Lanc. (Rec. Com.), ii, 131-2.

65 Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), v, 263. The revenue was only 38s. 4d. There seem to have been disputes later regard- ing the lands, between Hoghton and Shire- burne ; Ducarus, loc. cit. 3 i, 152. This chantry is not mentioned by Raines, who gives Ralph Parker as chantry priest at Singleton Chapel in 1547.

The lands of the chantry were sold to Sir John Parrott in 1555-6; Pat. 2 & 3 Phil. and Mary, pt. viii.

68 End. Char. Rep. (1902). For the founder and his family see Smith, op. cit. 140. James Remington late school- master at Chipping’ was buried there 15 Sept. 1675.

® The rector of Chipping was ad- monished for not residing in 1444; Raines MSS. xxii, 373, 375.

68 Visit. returns at Chester.

69 Wesley’s Journal, quoted in Baines’ Lancs. (ed. Croston), iv, 80.

70 Visit. Returns.

It was printed in 1902, the report of 1826 being re-issued with it. The following details are derived from it,

74 John Brabin in 1683 bequeathed to trustees messuages called Goose Lane House and Waller tenement for his charities, and in the following year the trustees bought land called Brow Spring and there built the school and alms- houses. Woodstow House was bought in 1686 as part of the endowment and Woodscales in Thornley in 1690. The school was for the poor children of Chip- ping, Thornley and Leagram ; the poor to be assisted from the other funds were those of Chipping, Thornley and Bleas- dale. The present gross income of the combined charities is £259, but most goes to the school.

The almshouses consist of a two- storied stone building divided into three tenements, each of which is occupied by two women, appointed by the trustecs. Each woman receives £2 8s. a quarter and as much coal as she requires. No doles have recently been given to poor housekeepers. ‘The population of Chip- ping is decreasing and there are practically no poor in the township.’

® The estate was the messuage and

land he had on Helmeridge (Elm- tidge), mow known as Richmond’s Farm.

4 Edward Harrison in 1671 left £3% the interest to be distributed to poor people in the parish of Chipping Church

26

on 21 December in each year, Lund alias Cragg in 1676 left another £30 for like uses, and Henry Barnes in 1696 bequeathed the residue of his per- sonal estate (£37 55.) likewise. Lund’s gift was for the parish of Chipping, the others for the township only. Thomas Walbanck in 1732 left £10 for an annua! sermon at Chipping Church, and £15 each for such poor of Chipping and Leagram as should attend the sermon. Marsden’s tenement was purchased with the combined fund in 1767. The pro- perty now owned by the charity consists of the Malt-kiln estate, five cottages which used to be the workhouse, and a cottage and smithy ; the gross rentis £17. A sum of ros. is paid to the vicar for the annual sermon, and the rest is distributed in doles of from 1s. to 255.

Alice Webster in 1742 left £18 for poor householders of Chipping and Lea- gram, and her brother James added £2. This was lost between 1826 and 1862, by the bankruptcy of a trustee, as it was supposed,

‘> A fund of £220 existed in 1812, chiefly derived from gifts by William Wright (1711), £160, and Richard Lund (as above), £7 10s. The capital is in Lord Derby’s hands.

15,631, including 4 of inland water ; Census Rep. 1901.

BLACKBURN HUNDRED

‘Within living memory the district was rich in fine ancestral timber ; the oak, the ash, the elm, the sycamore, the hazel and the holly find congenial soil ; and... the alder grows in great abundance in “‘carrs and marshes,” although surface draining has in recent years much reduced the growth.’ ?

‘Teanleas fires’ used to be lighted on 1 May, 24 June, 31 August and 1 November.?

The township is governed by a parish council.

Among the trades recorded in the parish registers of the 17th century are those of gold-beater, glover, hat-maker and linen-weaver. In 1825 there were cotton-spinners, roller maker and spindle maker.

More recently lime-burning, iron-working and chair- making were the principal industries. The last-named continues, but the iron-turning mill was disused about twenty years ago. The land is mostly in grazing.‘ The soil is clay and calcareous earth.

In 1833 there were cattle fairs on Easter Tuesday and 24 August. The fairs are now held on 23 April and the first Wednesday in October.

Ground for a camp and rifle range was acquired by the government in 1892.

In 1066 CHIPPING, assessed as three MANORS plough-lands, was a member of Earl After the

CHIPPING

Robert de Lacy,® and from that time it continued to form a member of the honor of Clitheroe.’

The land appears to have been divided among a number of holders, but it is not possible to trace the origin or descent of these tenements. The most important were those of Hoghton of Hoghton, Knoll of Wolfhouse or Wolfhall, and the Hospitallers, each of them apparently being regarded at one time or another as a ‘ manor.’

The Hoghton tenement can be traced back to 1292, when Adam de Hoghton complained that Richard le Surreys (Sothron) and others had made forcible entry into his several pasture in Chipping. The jury, however, found that the defendants had a right to common in 20 acres of moor and other land which Adam had inclosed by a dyke, and gave a verdict for them. In 1313 only the twelfth part of the manor is named in a Hoghton settlement,’ but in later times the ‘manor’ is spoken of absolutely.}° In 1425 the manor was stated to be held of the king by a rent of 2s.1.; in the 16th century the service was unknown.!2 In 1552-6 there were disputes between Hoghton and Shireburne of Wolfhouse as to the lordship, the command of the waste being of

importance. It appears that the Hoghton manor- house was Black Hall, about half a mile west of the

Tostig’s fee of Preston.® Conquest it was granted to Roger of Poitou, and became part of the possession of the Bussels of Pen- Henry I in 1102 gave it to

wortham for a time.

2 T. C. Smith, Hise. of Crigping, 3.

3 Ibid. 6. For ‘Mischief night,’ the eve of May Day, see ibid. 52.

4In 1843 about a fourth of the land was arable, though little wheat was grown; T. C. Smith, Longridge, 202.

5 V.C.H. Lancs, i, 2886, ‘Chipinden’ or Chippingdale then probably included Leagram and Little Bowland, and perhaps part of Thornley.

6 Farrer, Lancs. Pipe R. 382 3 see also the account of Aighton.

7 In the account of the lands of John de Lacy in 1241-2 is found a sum of 115, from Chipping, and it occurs again in

1258; Lancs. Ing. and Extents (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), i, 156, 217.

In 1302 John son of Robert del Hall held land of the Earl of Lincoln by the fortieth part of a knight’s fee; ibid. i, 319. From later inquisitions it appears that this was in Chipping ; Baines, Lancs. (ed. 1870), ii, 693, from the Lansdowne Feodary. In 1311 Joppe of the Hall held a plat of the earl, rendering 1d. yearly, and Thomas son of Kutte did suit for his tenement to the court of Clitheroe; De Lacy Ing. (Chet. Soc.), 18, 19.

Later there are but few tokens of the dependency on Clitheroe ; see Lancs. Ct. R, (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), 48, 62. In 1356 a number of suitors of the courts of Clitheroe are named, among them being Adam de Hoghton and Adam son of William for tenements in Chipping, Richard son of Thomas de Knoll for Thornley and John de Bailey for Aighton; Duchy of Lanc. Assize R. 5, m. 10d. Ina survey made in 1445-6 Chipping was stated to be held of the king as of his duchy in socage for 100 solidates of land; Duchy of Lanc. Knights’ Fees, bdle. 2, no. 20.

8 Assize R. 408, m. 53. Earlier than this may be a release by the widow of William de Moton to Adam de Hoghton of her right in the Wetridding, received from John de Chipping for a third part

of the mill; Add. MS. 32106, no, 1500.

church.124

In 1304 Siegrith or Siota widow of Richard son of Margery de Chipping claimed dower in lands held by Richard de Hoghton, Agnes widow of Adam de Hoghton, William de Southworth, Wil- liam son of John son of Bimme de Whit- tingham, Adam son of Isabel de Whit- tingham and Alice his wife and others ; also against Robert de Pleasington in respect of a sixth part of the water-mill ; De Banco R. 14.9, m. 52-3 3 152, m. 38d. For his part Richard de Hoghton sum- moned Roger son of Richard son of Mar- gery to warrant him ; ibid. 153, m. 124.

9 Final Conc. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 14.

In 1312 Richard son of Adam de Hoghton gave land in Chipping to his daughter Margery wife of Thomas de Hothersall ; Add. MS. 32107, no. 348.

Richard de Hoghton was in 1328 de- scribed as chief lord when he appeared among the defendants to a claim for a messuage and lands put forward by Emma daughter of William the Ward of Chip- ping. Her brother Thomas had succeeded, but had been divorced from his wife Hawise for consanguinity ; hence his son Richard was dispossessed. The other de- fendants were William son of Richard de Hoghton, William de Greenhulls (Hogh- ton bailiff) and Richard son of John de Greenhulls ; Assize R. 1400, m. 234d.

Richard de Hoghton in 1328 granted his son William the homage of John son of William de Dodhill; Towneley MS. OO, no. 1504.

1 Final Conc. iii, 3, of the year 1377 ; it was settled on Henry, younger son of Sir Adam.

M Lancs. Ing. p.m. (Chet. Soc.), ti, 12 5 the inquisition after the death of Sir Henry. In later inquisitions in the same volume no rent is mentioned nor is a ‘manor’ claimed ; ibid. 81, 127-9.

A messuage, 7 acres of land and § acres of meadow in Chipping, given in 1407 by Sir Richard Hoghton to his chantry at

27

This manor was sold to trustees for Charlotte wife of Lord Strange about 1630.8 It does not appear much later.4

Ribchester, were held of Sir Henry de Conway by a rent of 6d.; Ing. a.q.d. file 438, no. 26.

In 1478 Agnes widow of Henry Hogh- ton claimed dower in twenty-one mes- suages, &c., in Chipping; Pal. of Lanc. Writs Proton. 18 Edw. IV.

12So0 in that of Alexander Hoghton, 1498, and later; Duchy of Lanc, Inq. p-m. iii, no. 66; xiv, no. 26, &c. The manor of Chipping, with fifty messuages, water-mill, dovecote, &c., was in 1602 settled on Sir Richard Hoghton and Katherine his wife; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 64, no. 73. This manor was included in a general settlement in 1616; ibid. bdle. 89, no. 41.

122 The bounds of the manor show that it covered the whole township; they went up Chipping Brook, Peacock Brook, Carr Hey Brook, east to Threapleigh, to Burn slack, west to the edge of Bleasdale Hill, Mereclough, Broadhead, down Bleasdale Brook to the Loud, and back to the starting-point. The pleadings are printed by T. C. Smith, Chipping, 16-21.

18 Land in Chipping was held of Richard Hoghton in 1622 and of Lord Strange in 1633; Towneley MS. C 8, 13 (Chet. Lib.), 507. In 1626 a court was held by Richard Hoghton as lord of the manor ; T. C. Smith, Chipping, 22. It appears that the manor was purchased out of the portion of Charlotte de la Tremouille in 1629-30 ; Royalist Comp. Papers (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 226. It is not named among the estates of Sir Richard Hoghton, who died in 1631. In 1642 4 settlement of the manors of Goosnargh and Chipping was made by William Earl of Derby, James Lord Strange and Char- lotte his wife; Pal. of Lanc. Feet of F. bdle. 141, no. 31.

For other references see Lancs. and Ches. Rec. (Rec. Soc. Lancs. and Ches.), ii, 244, 247.

14 Tt is stated to have been sold as early as 1641 to James Walmesley and

A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE

The Knolls of Wolfhouse appear to have been a branch of those of Thornley, and in the inquisition of 1628 respecting the estate the manor of Chipping and the capital messuage called ‘ Wolt house in Shire- burne,’ with various other messuages, water-mill and lands in Chipping, were stated to be held of the lord of Thornley by the service of a greyhound, a ‘coter,’ One Adam son of Richard de Knoll had half an oxgang of land in Chipping in 1280, when it was claimed by Ralph de Catterall,!® and the surname appears frequently.!7

and 3s. rent.!5

others ; and in 1649 Elizateth Walmesley, widow, held a court baron; T. C. Smith, Chipping, 24, 23.

18 Duchy of Lane. Ing. p.m. xxv, no, 51, after the death of Robert Shire- burne, gent.

18 De Banco R. 32, m. 243 36,m. 71. By an inquiry in 1274 it was found that one Roger Haslinghead, hanged for felony, had held of Adam de Knoll a messuage and half an oxgang of land in Chipping, which had been in the king’s hands for a year and a day; Lanes. Ing. and Extents, i, 241. Seisin was accordingly restored to Adam